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References

Detailed information and list: supported OS distros, available modules, monitor metrics, extensions, cost compare & analysis, glossary

1 - Compatibility

Supported operating systems, kernels & arch, PostgreSQL major versions and feature sets.

Overview

Pigsty recommends using Linux kernel, amd64 arch, and RockyLinux 8.9, Debian 12 or Ubuntu 22.04 as base OS.

Kernel Architecture Compatibility: Linux kernel, amd64 architecture (x86_64)

EL Distribution Support: EL7, EL8, EL9; (RHEL, Rocky, CentOS, Alma, Oracle, Anolis,…)

Debian Distribution Support: Ubuntu 24.04 noble, 22.04 jammy, 20.04 focal; Debian 12 bookworm and 11 bullseye.

Pigsty does not use any virtualization or containerization technologies, running directly on the bare OS. Supported operating systems include EL 7/8/9 (RHEL, Rocky, CentOS, Alma, Oracle, Anolis,…), Ubuntu 24.04 / 20.04 / 22.04 & Debian 11/12. EL is our long-term supported OS, while support for Ubuntu/Debian systems was introduced in the recent v2.5 version. The main difference between EL and Debian distributions is the significant variation in package names, as well as the default availability of PostgreSQL extensions.

If you have advanced compatibility requirements, such as using specific operating system distributions, major versions, or minor versions, we offer advance compatibility support options.

Kernel & Arch Support

Currently, Pigsty supports the Linux kernel and the x86_64 / amd64 chip architecture.

MacOS and Windows operating systems can install Pigsty via Linux virtual machines/containers. We provide Vagrant local sandbox support, allowing you to use virtualization software like Vagrant and Virtualbox to effortlessly bring up the deployment environment required by Pigsty on other operating systems.

EL Distribution Support

The EL series operating systems are Pigsty’s primary support target, including compatible distributions such as Red Hat Enterprise Linux, RockyLinux, CentOS, AlmaLinux, OracleLinux, Anolis, etc. Pigsty supports the latest three major versions: 7, 8, 9

  • EL9: RHEL, RockyLinux, AlmaLinux (Rocky 9.3 recommended)
  • EL8: RHEL, RockyLinux, AlmaLinux, Anolis (Rocky 8.9 recommended)
  • EL7: RHEL, CentOS 7.9 (CentOS 7.9 recommended)
Code EL Distros Minor PG17 PG16 PG15 PG14 PG13 PG12 Limitation
EL9 RHEL 9 / Rocky9 / Alma9 9.3 Standard Feature Set
EL8 RHEL 8 / Rocky8 / Alma8 / Anolis8 8.9 Missing pljava extension
EL7 RHEL7 / CentOS7 7.9 EOLed OS, PG16/17, Rust and many other extensions unavailable

Debian Distribution Support

Pigsty supports Ubuntu / Debian series operating systems and their compatible distributions, currently supporting the two most recent LTS major versions, namely:

  • U22: Ubuntu 22.04 LTS jammy (24.04.1)
  • U22: Ubuntu 22.04 LTS jammy (22.04.3 Recommended)
  • U20: Ubuntu 20.04 LTS focal (20.04.6)
  • D12: Debian 12 bookworm (12.4)
  • D11: Debian 11 bullseye (11.8)
Code Debian Distros Minor PG17 PG16 PG15 PG14 PG13 PG12 Limitations
U24 Ubuntu 24.04 (noble) 24.04.1 Missing PGML, citus, topn, timescale_toolkit
U22 Ubuntu 22.04 (jammy) 22.04.3 Standard Debian series feature set
U20 Ubuntu 20.04 (focal) 20.04.6 EOL, Some extensions require online installation
D12 Debian 12 (bookworm) 12.4 Missing polardb, wiltondb/babelfish, and official PGML support
D11 Debian 11 (bullseye) 11.8 EOL

Vagrant Boxes

When deploying Pigsty on cloud servers, you might consider using the following operating system images in Vagrant, which are also the images used for Pigsty’s development, testing, and building.

Terraform Images

When deploying Pigsty on cloud servers, you might consider using the following operating system base images in Terraform, using Alibaba Cloud as an example:

  • CentOS 7.9 : centos_7_9_x64_20G_alibase_20240628.vhd
  • Rocky 8.10 : rockylinux_8_10_x64_20G_alibase_20240923.vhd
  • Rocky 9.4 : rockylinux_9_4_x64_20G_alibase_20240925.vhd
  • Ubuntu 20.04 : ubuntu_20_04_x64_20G_alibase_20240925.vhd
  • Ubuntu 22.04 : ubuntu_22_04_x64_20G_alibase_20240926.vhd
  • Ubuntu 24.04 : ubuntu_24_04_x64_20G_alibase_20240923.vhd
  • Debian 11.11 : debian_11_11_x64_20G_alibase_20240923.vhd
  • Debian 12.7 : debian_12_7_x64_20G_alibase_20240927.vhd
  • Anolis 8.8 : anolisos_8_9_x64_20G_rhck_alibase_20240724.vhd

References

2 - Parameters

Pigsty has 280+ parameters to describe every aspect of the environment & various modules

There are 280+ parameters in Pigsty describing all aspect of the deployment.

ID Name Module Section Type Level Comment
101 version INFRA META string G pigsty version string
102 admin_ip INFRA META ip G admin node ip address
103 region INFRA META enum G upstream mirror region: default,china,europe
104 proxy_env INFRA META dict G global proxy env when downloading packages
105 ca_method INFRA CA enum G create,recreate,copy, create by default
106 ca_cn INFRA CA string G ca common name, fixed as pigsty-ca
107 cert_validity INFRA CA interval G cert validity, 20 years by default
108 infra_seq INFRA INFRA_ID int I infra node identity, REQUIRED
109 infra_portal INFRA INFRA_ID dict G infra services exposed via portal
110 repo_enabled INFRA REPO bool G/I create a yum repo on this infra node?
111 repo_home INFRA REPO path G repo home dir, /www by default
112 repo_name INFRA REPO string G repo name, pigsty by default
113 repo_endpoint INFRA REPO url G access point to this repo by domain or ip:port
114 repo_remove INFRA REPO bool G/A remove existing upstream repo
115 repo_modules INFRA REPO string G/A which repo modules are installed in repo_upstream
116 repo_upstream INFRA REPO upstream[] G where to download upstream packages
117 repo_packages INFRA REPO string[] G which packages to be included
118 repo_extra_packages INFRA REPO string[] G/C/I extra packages to be included
119 repo_url_packages INFRA REPO string[] G extra packages from url
120 infra_packages INFRA INFRA_PACKAGE string[] G packages to be installed on infra nodes
121 infra_packages_pip INFRA INFRA_PACKAGE string G pip installed packages for infra nodes
130 nginx_enabled INFRA NGINX bool G/I enable nginx on this infra node?
131 nginx_exporter_enabled INFRA NGINX bool G/I enable nginx_exporter on this infra node?
132 nginx_sslmode INFRA NGINX enum G nginx ssl mode? disable,enable,enforce
133 nginx_home INFRA NGINX path G nginx content dir, /www by default
134 nginx_port INFRA NGINX port G nginx listen port, 80 by default
135 nginx_ssl_port INFRA NGINX port G nginx ssl listen port, 443 by default
136 nginx_navbar INFRA NGINX index[] G nginx index page navigation links
140 dns_enabled INFRA DNS bool G/I setup dnsmasq on this infra node?
141 dns_port INFRA DNS port G dns server listen port, 53 by default
142 dns_records INFRA DNS string[] G dynamic dns records resolved by dnsmasq
150 prometheus_enabled INFRA PROMETHEUS bool G/I enable prometheus on this infra node?
151 prometheus_clean INFRA PROMETHEUS bool G/A clean prometheus data during init?
152 prometheus_data INFRA PROMETHEUS path G prometheus data dir, /data/prometheus by default
153 prometheus_sd_dir INFRA PROMETHEUS path G prometheus file service discovery directory
154 prometheus_sd_interval INFRA PROMETHEUS interval G prometheus target refresh interval, 5s by default
155 prometheus_scrape_interval INFRA PROMETHEUS interval G prometheus scrape & eval interval, 10s by default
156 prometheus_scrape_timeout INFRA PROMETHEUS interval G prometheus global scrape timeout, 8s by default
157 prometheus_options INFRA PROMETHEUS arg G prometheus extra server options
158 pushgateway_enabled INFRA PROMETHEUS bool G/I setup pushgateway on this infra node?
159 pushgateway_options INFRA PROMETHEUS arg G pushgateway extra server options
160 blackbox_enabled INFRA PROMETHEUS bool G/I setup blackbox_exporter on this infra node?
161 blackbox_options INFRA PROMETHEUS arg G blackbox_exporter extra server options
162 alertmanager_enabled INFRA PROMETHEUS bool G/I setup alertmanager on this infra node?
163 alertmanager_options INFRA PROMETHEUS arg G alertmanager extra server options
164 exporter_metrics_path INFRA PROMETHEUS path G exporter metric path, /metrics by default
165 exporter_install INFRA PROMETHEUS enum G how to install exporter? none,yum,binary
166 exporter_repo_url INFRA PROMETHEUS url G exporter repo file url if install exporter via yum
170 grafana_enabled INFRA GRAFANA bool G/I enable grafana on this infra node?
171 grafana_clean INFRA GRAFANA bool G/A clean grafana data during init?
172 grafana_admin_username INFRA GRAFANA username G grafana admin username, admin by default
173 grafana_admin_password INFRA GRAFANA password G grafana admin password, pigsty by default
174 grafana_plugin_cache INFRA GRAFANA path G path to grafana plugins cache tarball
175 grafana_plugin_list INFRA GRAFANA string[] G grafana plugins to be downloaded with grafana-cli
176 loki_enabled INFRA LOKI bool G/I enable loki on this infra node?
177 loki_clean INFRA LOKI bool G/A whether remove existing loki data?
178 loki_data INFRA LOKI path G loki data dir, /data/loki by default
179 loki_retention INFRA LOKI interval G loki log retention period, 15d by default
201 nodename NODE NODE_ID string I node instance identity, use hostname if missing, optional
202 node_cluster NODE NODE_ID string C node cluster identity, use ’nodes’ if missing, optional
203 nodename_overwrite NODE NODE_ID bool C overwrite node’s hostname with nodename?
204 nodename_exchange NODE NODE_ID bool C exchange nodename among play hosts?
205 node_id_from_pg NODE NODE_ID bool C use postgres identity as node identity if applicable?
210 node_write_etc_hosts NODE NODE_DNS bool G/C/I modify /etc/hosts on target node?
211 node_default_etc_hosts NODE NODE_DNS string[] G static dns records in /etc/hosts
212 node_etc_hosts NODE NODE_DNS string[] C extra static dns records in /etc/hosts
213 node_dns_method NODE NODE_DNS enum C how to handle dns servers: add,none,overwrite
214 node_dns_servers NODE NODE_DNS string[] C dynamic nameserver in /etc/resolv.conf
215 node_dns_options NODE NODE_DNS string[] C dns resolv options in /etc/resolv.conf
220 node_repo_modules NODE NODE_PACKAGE string C upstream repo to be added on node, local by default
221 node_repo_remove NODE NODE_PACKAGE bool C remove existing repo on node?
223 node_packages NODE NODE_PACKAGE string[] C packages to be installed current nodes
224 node_default_packages NODE NODE_PACKAGE string[] G default packages to be installed on all nodes
230 node_disable_firewall NODE NODE_TUNE bool C disable node firewall? true by default
231 node_disable_selinux NODE NODE_TUNE bool C disable node selinux? true by default
232 node_disable_numa NODE NODE_TUNE bool C disable node numa, reboot required
233 node_disable_swap NODE NODE_TUNE bool C disable node swap, use with caution
234 node_static_network NODE NODE_TUNE bool C preserve dns resolver settings after reboot
235 node_disk_prefetch NODE NODE_TUNE bool C setup disk prefetch on HDD to increase performance
236 node_kernel_modules NODE NODE_TUNE string[] C kernel modules to be enabled on this node
237 node_hugepage_count NODE NODE_TUNE int C number of 2MB hugepage, take precedence over ratio
238 node_hugepage_ratio NODE NODE_TUNE float C node mem hugepage ratio, 0 disable it by default
239 node_overcommit_ratio NODE NODE_TUNE float C node mem overcommit ratio, 0 disable it by default
240 node_tune NODE NODE_TUNE enum C node tuned profile: none,oltp,olap,crit,tiny
241 node_sysctl_params NODE NODE_TUNE dict C sysctl parameters in k:v format in addition to tuned
250 node_data NODE NODE_ADMIN path C node main data directory, /data by default
251 node_admin_enabled NODE NODE_ADMIN bool C create a admin user on target node?
252 node_admin_uid NODE NODE_ADMIN int C uid and gid for node admin user
253 node_admin_username NODE NODE_ADMIN username C name of node admin user, dba by default
254 node_admin_ssh_exchange NODE NODE_ADMIN bool C exchange admin ssh key among node cluster
255 node_admin_pk_current NODE NODE_ADMIN bool C add current user’s ssh pk to admin authorized_keys
256 node_admin_pk_list NODE NODE_ADMIN string[] C ssh public keys to be added to admin user
260 node_timezone NODE NODE_TIME string C setup node timezone, empty string to skip
261 node_ntp_enabled NODE NODE_TIME bool C enable chronyd time sync service?
262 node_ntp_servers NODE NODE_TIME string[] C ntp servers in /etc/chrony.conf
263 node_crontab_overwrite NODE NODE_TIME bool C overwrite or append to /etc/crontab?
264 node_crontab NODE NODE_TIME string[] C crontab entries in /etc/crontab
270 vip_enabled NODE NODE_VIP bool C enable vip on this node cluster?
271 vip_address NODE NODE_VIP ip C node vip address in ipv4 format, required if vip is enabled
272 vip_vrid NODE NODE_VIP int C required, integer, 1-254, should be unique among same VLAN
273 vip_role NODE NODE_VIP enum I optional, master/backup, backup by default, use as init role
274 vip_preempt NODE NODE_VIP bool C/I optional, true/false, false by default, enable vip preemption
275 vip_interface NODE NODE_VIP string C/I node vip network interface to listen, eth0 by default
276 vip_dns_suffix NODE NODE_VIP string C node vip dns name suffix, empty string by default
277 vip_exporter_port NODE NODE_VIP port C keepalived exporter listen port, 9650 by default
280 haproxy_enabled NODE HAPROXY bool C enable haproxy on this node?
281 haproxy_clean NODE HAPROXY bool G/C/A cleanup all existing haproxy config?
282 haproxy_reload NODE HAPROXY bool A reload haproxy after config?
283 haproxy_auth_enabled NODE HAPROXY bool G enable authentication for haproxy admin page
284 haproxy_admin_username NODE HAPROXY username G haproxy admin username, admin by default
285 haproxy_admin_password NODE HAPROXY password G haproxy admin password, pigsty by default
286 haproxy_exporter_port NODE HAPROXY port C haproxy admin/exporter port, 9101 by default
287 haproxy_client_timeout NODE HAPROXY interval C client side connection timeout, 24h by default
288 haproxy_server_timeout NODE HAPROXY interval C server side connection timeout, 24h by default
289 haproxy_services NODE HAPROXY service[] C list of haproxy service to be exposed on node
290 node_exporter_enabled NODE NODE_EXPORTER bool C setup node_exporter on this node?
291 node_exporter_port NODE NODE_EXPORTER port C node exporter listen port, 9100 by default
292 node_exporter_options NODE NODE_EXPORTER arg C extra server options for node_exporter
293 promtail_enabled NODE PROMTAIL bool C enable promtail logging collector?
294 promtail_clean NODE PROMTAIL bool G/A purge existing promtail status file during init?
295 promtail_port NODE PROMTAIL port C promtail listen port, 9080 by default
296 promtail_positions NODE PROMTAIL path C promtail position status file path
401 docker_enabled DOCKER DOCKER bool G/C/I enable docker on this node?
402 docker_cgroups_driver DOCKER DOCKER enum G/C/I docker cgroup fs driver: cgroupfs,systemd
403 docker_registry_mirrors DOCKER DOCKER string[] G/C/I docker registry mirror list
404 docker_image DOCKER DOCKER path[] G/C/I docker image to be pulled, [] by default
405 docker_image_cache DOCKER DOCKER path G/C/I docker image cache tarball glob, /tmp/docker by default
501 etcd_seq ETCD ETCD int I etcd instance identifier, REQUIRED
502 etcd_cluster ETCD ETCD string C etcd cluster & group name, etcd by default
503 etcd_safeguard ETCD ETCD bool G/C/A prevent purging running etcd instance?
504 etcd_clean ETCD ETCD bool G/C/A purging existing etcd during initialization?
505 etcd_data ETCD ETCD path C etcd data directory, /data/etcd by default
506 etcd_port ETCD ETCD port C etcd client port, 2379 by default
507 etcd_peer_port ETCD ETCD port C etcd peer port, 2380 by default
508 etcd_init ETCD ETCD enum C etcd initial cluster state, new or existing
509 etcd_election_timeout ETCD ETCD int C etcd election timeout, 1000ms by default
510 etcd_heartbeat_interval ETCD ETCD int C etcd heartbeat interval, 100ms by default
601 minio_seq MINIO MINIO int I minio instance identifier, REQUIRED
602 minio_cluster MINIO MINIO string C minio cluster name, minio by default
603 minio_clean MINIO MINIO bool G/C/A cleanup minio during init?, false by default
604 minio_user MINIO MINIO username C minio os user, minio by default
605 minio_node MINIO MINIO string C minio node name pattern
606 minio_data MINIO MINIO path C minio data dir(s), use {x…y} to specify multi drivers
607 minio_domain MINIO MINIO string G minio service domain name, sss.pigsty by default
608 minio_port MINIO MINIO port C minio service port, 9000 by default
609 minio_admin_port MINIO MINIO port C minio console port, 9001 by default
610 minio_access_key MINIO MINIO username C root access key, minioadmin by default
611 minio_secret_key MINIO MINIO password C root secret key, minioadmin by default
612 minio_extra_vars MINIO MINIO string C extra environment variables for minio server
613 minio_alias MINIO MINIO string G alias name for local minio deployment
614 minio_buckets MINIO MINIO bucket[] C list of minio bucket to be created
615 minio_users MINIO MINIO user[] C list of minio user to be created
701 redis_cluster REDIS REDIS string C redis cluster name, required identity parameter
702 redis_instances REDIS REDIS dict I redis instances definition on this redis node
703 redis_node REDIS REDIS int I redis node sequence number, node int id required
710 redis_fs_main REDIS REDIS path C redis main data mountpoint, /data by default
711 redis_exporter_enabled REDIS REDIS bool C install redis exporter on redis nodes?
712 redis_exporter_port REDIS REDIS port C redis exporter listen port, 9121 by default
713 redis_exporter_options REDIS REDIS string C/I cli args and extra options for redis exporter
720 redis_safeguard REDIS REDIS bool G/C/A prevent purging running redis instance?
721 redis_clean REDIS REDIS bool G/C/A purging existing redis during init?
722 redis_rmdata REDIS REDIS bool G/C/A remove redis data when purging redis server?
723 redis_mode REDIS REDIS enum C redis mode: standalone,cluster,sentinel
724 redis_conf REDIS REDIS string C redis config template path, except sentinel
725 redis_bind_address REDIS REDIS ip C redis bind address, empty string will use host ip
726 redis_max_memory REDIS REDIS size C/I max memory used by each redis instance
727 redis_mem_policy REDIS REDIS enum C redis memory eviction policy
728 redis_password REDIS REDIS password C redis password, empty string will disable password
729 redis_rdb_save REDIS REDIS string[] C redis rdb save directives, disable with empty list
730 redis_aof_enabled REDIS REDIS bool C enable redis append only file?
731 redis_rename_commands REDIS REDIS dict C rename redis dangerous commands
732 redis_cluster_replicas REDIS REDIS int C replica number for one master in redis cluster
733 redis_sentinel_monitor REDIS REDIS master[] C sentinel master list, works on sentinel cluster only
801 pg_mode PGSQL PG_ID enum C pgsql cluster mode: pgsql,citus,mssql,polar,ivory,oracle,gpsql
802 pg_cluster PGSQL PG_ID string C pgsql cluster name, REQUIRED identity parameter
803 pg_seq PGSQL PG_ID int I pgsql instance seq number, REQUIRED identity parameter
804 pg_role PGSQL PG_ID enum I pgsql role, REQUIRED, could be primary,replica,offline
805 pg_instances PGSQL PG_ID dict I define multiple pg instances on node in {port:ins_vars} format
806 pg_upstream PGSQL PG_ID ip I repl upstream ip addr for standby cluster or cascade replica
807 pg_shard PGSQL PG_ID string C pgsql shard name, optional identity for sharding clusters
808 pg_group PGSQL PG_ID int C pgsql shard index number, optional identity for sharding clusters
809 gp_role PGSQL PG_ID enum C greenplum role of this cluster, could be master or segment
810 pg_exporters PGSQL PG_ID dict C additional pg_exporters to monitor remote postgres instances
811 pg_offline_query PGSQL PG_ID bool I set to true to enable offline query on this instance
820 pg_users PGSQL PG_BUSINESS user[] C postgres business users
821 pg_databases PGSQL PG_BUSINESS database[] C postgres business databases
822 pg_services PGSQL PG_BUSINESS service[] C postgres business services
823 pg_hba_rules PGSQL PG_BUSINESS hba[] C business hba rules for postgres
824 pgb_hba_rules PGSQL PG_BUSINESS hba[] C business hba rules for pgbouncer
831 pg_replication_username PGSQL PG_BUSINESS username G postgres replication username, replicator by default
832 pg_replication_password PGSQL PG_BUSINESS password G postgres replication password, DBUser.Replicator by default
833 pg_admin_username PGSQL PG_BUSINESS username G postgres admin username, dbuser_dba by default
834 pg_admin_password PGSQL PG_BUSINESS password G postgres admin password in plain text, DBUser.DBA by default
835 pg_monitor_username PGSQL PG_BUSINESS username G postgres monitor username, dbuser_monitor by default
836 pg_monitor_password PGSQL PG_BUSINESS password G postgres monitor password, DBUser.Monitor by default
837 pg_dbsu_password PGSQL PG_BUSINESS password G/C postgres dbsu password, empty string disable it by default
840 pg_dbsu PGSQL PG_INSTALL username C os dbsu name, postgres by default, better not change it
841 pg_dbsu_uid PGSQL PG_INSTALL int C os dbsu uid and gid, 26 for default postgres users and groups
842 pg_dbsu_sudo PGSQL PG_INSTALL enum C dbsu sudo privilege, none,limit,all,nopass. limit by default
843 pg_dbsu_home PGSQL PG_INSTALL path C postgresql home directory, /var/lib/pgsql by default
844 pg_dbsu_ssh_exchange PGSQL PG_INSTALL bool C exchange postgres dbsu ssh key among same pgsql cluster
845 pg_version PGSQL PG_INSTALL enum C postgres major version to be installed, 16 by default
846 pg_bin_dir PGSQL PG_INSTALL path C postgres binary dir, /usr/pgsql/bin by default
847 pg_log_dir PGSQL PG_INSTALL path C postgres log dir, /pg/log/postgres by default
848 pg_packages PGSQL PG_INSTALL string[] C pg packages to be installed, ${pg_version} will be replaced
849 pg_extensions PGSQL PG_INSTALL string[] C pg extensions to be installed, ${pg_version} will be replaced
850 pg_safeguard PGSQL PG_BOOTSTRAP bool G/C/A prevent purging running postgres instance? false by default
851 pg_clean PGSQL PG_BOOTSTRAP bool G/C/A purging existing postgres during pgsql init? true by default
852 pg_data PGSQL PG_BOOTSTRAP path C postgres data directory, /pg/data by default
853 pg_fs_main PGSQL PG_BOOTSTRAP path C mountpoint/path for postgres main data, /data by default
854 pg_fs_bkup PGSQL PG_BOOTSTRAP path C mountpoint/path for pg backup data, /data/backup by default
855 pg_storage_type PGSQL PG_BOOTSTRAP enum C storage type for pg main data, SSD,HDD, SSD by default
856 pg_dummy_filesize PGSQL PG_BOOTSTRAP size C size of /pg/dummy, hold 64MB disk space for emergency use
857 pg_listen PGSQL PG_BOOTSTRAP ip(s) C/I postgres/pgbouncer listen addresses, comma separated list
858 pg_port PGSQL PG_BOOTSTRAP port C postgres listen port, 5432 by default
859 pg_localhost PGSQL PG_BOOTSTRAP path C postgres unix socket dir for localhost connection
860 pg_namespace PGSQL PG_BOOTSTRAP path C top level key namespace in etcd, used by patroni & vip
861 patroni_enabled PGSQL PG_BOOTSTRAP bool C if disabled, no postgres cluster will be created during init
862 patroni_mode PGSQL PG_BOOTSTRAP enum C patroni working mode: default,pause,remove
863 patroni_port PGSQL PG_BOOTSTRAP port C patroni listen port, 8008 by default
864 patroni_log_dir PGSQL PG_BOOTSTRAP path C patroni log dir, /pg/log/patroni by default
865 patroni_ssl_enabled PGSQL PG_BOOTSTRAP bool G secure patroni RestAPI communications with SSL?
866 patroni_watchdog_mode PGSQL PG_BOOTSTRAP enum C patroni watchdog mode: automatic,required,off. off by default
867 patroni_username PGSQL PG_BOOTSTRAP username C patroni restapi username, postgres by default
868 patroni_password PGSQL PG_BOOTSTRAP password C patroni restapi password, Patroni.API by default
869 pg_primary_db PGSQL PG_BOOTSTRAP string C primary database name, used by citus,etc… ,postgres by default
870 pg_parameters PGSQL PG_BOOTSTRAP dict C extra parameters in postgresql.auto.conf
871 pg_files PGSQL PG_BOOTSTRAP path[] C extra files to be copied to postgres data directory (e.g. license)
872 pg_conf PGSQL PG_BOOTSTRAP enum C config template: oltp,olap,crit,tiny. oltp.yml by default
873 pg_max_conn PGSQL PG_BOOTSTRAP int C postgres max connections, auto will use recommended value
874 pg_shared_buffer_ratio PGSQL PG_BOOTSTRAP float C postgres shared buffer memory ratio, 0.25 by default, 0.1~0.4
875 pg_rto PGSQL PG_BOOTSTRAP int C recovery time objective in seconds, 30s by default
876 pg_rpo PGSQL PG_BOOTSTRAP int C recovery point objective in bytes, 1MiB at most by default
877 pg_libs PGSQL PG_BOOTSTRAP string C preloaded libraries, timescaledb,pg_stat_statements,auto_explain by default
878 pg_delay PGSQL PG_BOOTSTRAP interval I replication apply delay for standby cluster leader
879 pg_checksum PGSQL PG_BOOTSTRAP bool C enable data checksum for postgres cluster?
880 pg_pwd_enc PGSQL PG_BOOTSTRAP enum C passwords encryption algorithm: md5,scram-sha-256
881 pg_encoding PGSQL PG_BOOTSTRAP enum C database cluster encoding, UTF8 by default
882 pg_locale PGSQL PG_BOOTSTRAP enum C database cluster local, C by default
883 pg_lc_collate PGSQL PG_BOOTSTRAP enum C database cluster collate, C by default
884 pg_lc_ctype PGSQL PG_BOOTSTRAP enum C database character type, en_US.UTF8 by default
890 pgbouncer_enabled PGSQL PG_BOOTSTRAP bool C if disabled, pgbouncer will not be launched on pgsql host
891 pgbouncer_port PGSQL PG_BOOTSTRAP port C pgbouncer listen port, 6432 by default
892 pgbouncer_log_dir PGSQL PG_BOOTSTRAP path C pgbouncer log dir, /pg/log/pgbouncer by default
893 pgbouncer_auth_query PGSQL PG_BOOTSTRAP bool C query postgres to retrieve unlisted business users?
894 pgbouncer_poolmode PGSQL PG_BOOTSTRAP enum C pooling mode: transaction,session,statement, transaction by default
895 pgbouncer_sslmode PGSQL PG_BOOTSTRAP enum C pgbouncer client ssl mode, disable by default
900 pg_provision PGSQL PG_PROVISION bool C provision postgres cluster after bootstrap
901 pg_init PGSQL PG_PROVISION string G/C provision init script for cluster template, pg-init by default
902 pg_default_roles PGSQL PG_PROVISION role[] G/C default roles and users in postgres cluster
903 pg_default_privileges PGSQL PG_PROVISION string[] G/C default privileges when created by admin user
904 pg_default_schemas PGSQL PG_PROVISION string[] G/C default schemas to be created
905 pg_default_extensions PGSQL PG_PROVISION extension[] G/C default extensions to be created
906 pg_reload PGSQL PG_PROVISION bool A reload postgres after hba changes
907 pg_default_hba_rules PGSQL PG_PROVISION hba[] G/C postgres default host-based authentication rules
908 pgb_default_hba_rules PGSQL PG_PROVISION hba[] G/C pgbouncer default host-based authentication rules
910 pgbackrest_enabled PGSQL PG_BACKUP bool C enable pgbackrest on pgsql host?
911 pgbackrest_clean PGSQL PG_BACKUP bool C remove pg backup data during init?
912 pgbackrest_log_dir PGSQL PG_BACKUP path C pgbackrest log dir, /pg/log/pgbackrest by default
913 pgbackrest_method PGSQL PG_BACKUP enum C pgbackrest repo method: local,minio,etc…
914 pgbackrest_repo PGSQL PG_BACKUP dict G/C pgbackrest repo: https://pgbackrest.org/configuration.html#section-repository
921 pg_weight PGSQL PG_SERVICE int I relative load balance weight in service, 100 by default, 0-255
922 pg_service_provider PGSQL PG_SERVICE string G/C dedicate haproxy node group name, or empty string for local nodes by default
923 pg_default_service_dest PGSQL PG_SERVICE enum G/C default service destination if svc.dest=‘default’
924 pg_default_services PGSQL PG_SERVICE service[] G/C postgres default service definitions
931 pg_vip_enabled PGSQL PG_SERVICE bool C enable a l2 vip for pgsql primary? false by default
932 pg_vip_address PGSQL PG_SERVICE cidr4 C vip address in <ipv4>/<mask> format, require if vip is enabled
933 pg_vip_interface PGSQL PG_SERVICE string C/I vip network interface to listen, eth0 by default
934 pg_dns_suffix PGSQL PG_SERVICE string C pgsql dns suffix, ’’ by default
935 pg_dns_target PGSQL PG_SERVICE enum C auto, primary, vip, none, or ad hoc ip
940 pg_exporter_enabled PGSQL PG_EXPORTER bool C enable pg_exporter on pgsql hosts?
941 pg_exporter_config PGSQL PG_EXPORTER string C pg_exporter configuration file name
942 pg_exporter_cache_ttls PGSQL PG_EXPORTER string C pg_exporter collector ttl stage in seconds, ‘1,10,60,300’ by default
943 pg_exporter_port PGSQL PG_EXPORTER port C pg_exporter listen port, 9630 by default
944 pg_exporter_params PGSQL PG_EXPORTER string C extra url parameters for pg_exporter dsn
945 pg_exporter_url PGSQL PG_EXPORTER pgurl C overwrite auto-generate pg dsn if specified
946 pg_exporter_auto_discovery PGSQL PG_EXPORTER bool C enable auto database discovery? enabled by default
947 pg_exporter_exclude_database PGSQL PG_EXPORTER string C csv of database that WILL NOT be monitored during auto-discovery
948 pg_exporter_include_database PGSQL PG_EXPORTER string C csv of database that WILL BE monitored during auto-discovery
949 pg_exporter_connect_timeout PGSQL PG_EXPORTER int C pg_exporter connect timeout in ms, 200 by default
950 pg_exporter_options PGSQL PG_EXPORTER arg C overwrite extra options for pg_exporter
951 pgbouncer_exporter_enabled PGSQL PG_EXPORTER bool C enable pgbouncer_exporter on pgsql hosts?
952 pgbouncer_exporter_port PGSQL PG_EXPORTER port C pgbouncer_exporter listen port, 9631 by default
953 pgbouncer_exporter_url PGSQL PG_EXPORTER pgurl C overwrite auto-generate pgbouncer dsn if specified
954 pgbouncer_exporter_options PGSQL PG_EXPORTER arg C overwrite extra options for pgbouncer_exporter

INFRA

Parameters about pigsty infrastructure components: local yum repo, nginx, dnsmasq, prometheus, grafana, loki, alertmanager, pushgateway, blackbox_exporter, etc…

META

This section contains some metadata of current pigsty deployments, such as version string, admin node IP address, repo mirror region and http(s) proxy when downloading pacakges.

version: v2.6.0                   # pigsty version string
admin_ip: 10.10.10.10             # admin node ip address
region: default                   # upstream mirror region: default,china,europe
proxy_env:                        # global proxy env when downloading packages
  no_proxy: "localhost,127.0.0.1,10.0.0.0/8,192.168.0.0/16,*.pigsty,*.aliyun.com,mirrors.*,*.myqcloud.com,*.tsinghua.edu.cn"
  # http_proxy:  # set your proxy here: e.g http://user:[email protected]
  # https_proxy: # set your proxy here: e.g http://user:[email protected]
  # all_proxy:   # set your proxy here: e.g http://user:[email protected]

version

name: version, type: string, level: G

pigsty version string

default value:v2.6.0

It will be used for pigsty introspection & content rendering.

admin_ip

name: admin_ip, type: ip, level: G

admin node ip address

default value:10.10.10.10

Node with this ip address will be treated as admin node, usually point to the first node that install Pigsty.

The default value 10.10.10.10 is a placeholder which will be replaced during configure

This parameter is referenced by many other parameters, such as:

The exact string ${admin_ip} will be replaced with the actual admin_ip for above parameters.

region

name: region, type: enum, level: G

upstream mirror region: default,china,europe

default value: default

If a region other than default is set, and there’s a corresponding entry in repo_upstream.[repo].baseurl, it will be used instead of default.

For example, if china is used, pigsty will use China mirrors designated in repo_upstream if applicable.

proxy_env

name: proxy_env, type: dict, level: G

global proxy env when downloading packages

default value:

proxy_env: # global proxy env when downloading packages
  http_proxy: 'http://username:[email protected]'
  https_proxy: 'http://username:[email protected]'
  all_proxy: 'http://username:[email protected]'
  no_proxy: "localhost,127.0.0.1,10.0.0.0/8,192.168.0.0/16,*.pigsty,*.aliyun.com,mirrors.aliyuncs.com,mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn,mirrors.zju.edu.cn"

It’s quite important to use http proxy in restricted production environment, or your Internet access is blocked (e.g. Mainland China)

CA

Self-Signed CA used by pigsty. It is required to support advanced security features.

ca_method: create                 # create,recreate,copy, create by default
ca_cn: pigsty-ca                  # ca common name, fixed as pigsty-ca
cert_validity: 7300d              # cert validity, 20 years by default

ca_method

name: ca_method, type: enum, level: G

available options: create,recreate,copy

default value: create

  • create: Create a new CA public-private key pair if not exists, use if exists
  • recreate: Always re-create a new CA public-private key pair
  • copy: Copy the existing CA public and private keys from local files/pki/ca, abort if missing

If you already have a pair of ca.crt and ca.key, put them under files/pki/ca and set ca_method to copy.

ca_cn

name: ca_cn, type: string, level: G

ca common name, not recommending to change it.

default value: pigsty-ca

you can check that with openssl x509 -text -in /etc/pki/ca.crt

cert_validity

name: cert_validity, type: interval, level: G

cert validity, 20 years by default, which is enough for most scenarios

default value: 7300d

INFRA_ID

Infrastructure identity and portal definition.

#infra_seq: 1                     # infra node identity, explicitly required
infra_portal:                     # infra services exposed via portal
  home         : { domain: h.pigsty }
  grafana      : { domain: g.pigsty ,endpoint: "${admin_ip}:3000" ,websocket: true }
  prometheus   : { domain: p.pigsty ,endpoint: "${admin_ip}:9090" }
  alertmanager : { domain: a.pigsty ,endpoint: "${admin_ip}:9093" }
  blackbox     : { endpoint: "${admin_ip}:9115" }
  loki         : { endpoint: "${admin_ip}:3100" }

infra_seq

name: infra_seq, type: int, level: I

infra node identity, REQUIRED, no default value, you have to assign it explicitly.

infra_portal

name: infra_portal, type: dict, level: G

infra services exposed via portal.

default value will expose home, grafana, prometheus, alertmanager via nginx with corresponding domain names.

infra_portal:                     # infra services exposed via portal
  home         : { domain: h.pigsty }
  grafana      : { domain: g.pigsty ,endpoint: "${admin_ip}:3000" ,websocket: true }
  prometheus   : { domain: p.pigsty ,endpoint: "${admin_ip}:9090" }
  alertmanager : { domain: a.pigsty ,endpoint: "${admin_ip}:9093" }
  blackbox     : { endpoint: "${admin_ip}:9115" }
  loki         : { endpoint: "${admin_ip}:3100" }

Each record consists of a key-value dictionary, with name as the key representing the component name, and the value containing the REQUIRED domain field representing the domain name.

  • domain is the domain name used for external access. It will be added to the Nginx SSL cert SAN field.
    • The name of the default record is fixed and referenced by other modules, so DO NOT modify the default entry names.
  • endpoint is a TCP socket that can be reached internally. If specified, Nginx will forward requests to the address specified by endpoint.
    • If the ${admin_ip} is included in the endpoint, it will be replaced with the actual admin_ip at runtime.
  • path is a path that can be accessed locally. If specified, it will be used as the root of the local web server, and Nginx will forward requests local files.
    • endpoint and path are mutually exclusive, you can choose between being an upstream proxy or a local web server in one entry.
  • websocket is set to true, http protocol will be auto upgraded for ws connections.
    • When the upstream uses WebSocket, you can enable this option (e.g. Grafana/Jupyter)
  • schema is given (http or https), it will be used as part of the proxy_pass URL.
    • When upstream require https instead of http for proxy, use this option (e.g. MinIO )

REPO

This section is about local software repo. Pigsty will create a local software repo (APT/YUM) when init an infra node.

In the initialization process, Pigsty will download all packages and their dependencies (specified by repo_packages) from the Internet upstream repo (specified by repo_upstream) to {{ nginx_home }} / {{ repo_name }} (default is /www/pigsty), and the total size of all dependent software is about 1GB or so.

When creating a local repo, Pigsty will skip the software download phase if the directory already exists and if there is a marker file named repo_complete in the dir.

If the download speed of some packages is too slow, you can set the download proxy to complete the first download by using the proxy_env config entry or directly download the pre-packaged offline package, which is essentially a local software source built on the same operating system.

repo_enabled: true                # create a yum repo on this infra node?
repo_home: /www                   # repo home dir, `/www` by default
repo_name: pigsty                 # repo name, pigsty by default
repo_endpoint: http://${admin_ip}:80 # access point to this repo by domain or ip:port
repo_remove: true                 # remove existing upstream repo
repo_modules: infra,node,pgsql    # install upstream repo during repo bootstrap
#repo_upstream: []                # where to download
#repo_packages: []                # which packages to download
#repo_extra_packages: []          # extra packages to download
repo_url_packages:                # extra packages from url
  - { name: "pev.html"    ,url: "https://repo.pigsty.io/etc/pev-1.12.1.html"    }
  - { name: "chart.tgz"   ,url: "https://repo.pigsty.io/etc/chart-1.0.0.tgz"    }
  - { name: "plugins.tgz" ,url: "https://repo.pigsty.io/etc/plugins-11.3.0.tgz" }

repo_enabled

name: repo_enabled, type: bool, level: G/I

create a yum repo on this infra node? default value: true

If you have multiple infra nodes, you can disable yum repo on other standby nodes to reduce Internet traffic.

repo_home

name: repo_home, type: path, level: G

repo home dir, /www by default

repo_name

name: repo_name, type: string, level: G

repo name, pigsty by default, it is not wise to change this value

repo_endpoint

name: repo_endpoint, type: url, level: G

access point to this repo by domain or ip:port, default value: http://${admin_ip}:80

If you have changed the nginx_port or nginx_ssl_port, or use a different infra node from admin node, please adjust this parameter accordingly.

The ${admin_ip} will be replaced with actual admin_ip during runtime.

repo_remove

name: repo_remove, type: bool, level: G/A

remove existing upstream repo, default value: true

If you want to keep existing upstream repo, set this value to false.

repo_modules

name: repo_modules, type: string, level: G/A

which repo modules are installed in repo_upstream, default value: infra,node,pgsql

This is a comma separated value string, it is used to filter entries in repo_upstream with corresponding module field.

For Ubuntu / Debian users, you can add redis to the list: infra,node,pgsql,redis

repo_upstream

name: repo_upstream, type: upstream[], level: G

This param defines the upstream software repo for Pigsty. It DOES NOT have default values, you can specify it explicitly, or leaving it empty if you want to use the default values.

When leaving it empty, Pigsty will use the default values from the repo_upstream_default defined in roles/node_id/vars according to you OS.

For EL (7, 8, 9 ) system, the default values are:

- { name: pigsty-local   ,description: 'Pigsty Local'      ,module: local   ,releases: [7,8,9] ,arch: [x86_64, aarch64] ,baseurl: { default: 'http://${admin_ip}/pigsty'  }} # used by intranet nodes
- { name: pigsty-infra   ,description: 'Pigsty INFRA'      ,module: infra   ,releases: [7,8,9] ,arch: [x86_64, aarch64] ,baseurl: { default: 'https://repo.pigsty.io/yum/infra/$basearch' ,china: 'https://repo.pigsty.cc/yum/infra/$basearch' }}
- { name: pigsty-pgsql   ,description: 'Pigsty PGSQL'      ,module: pgsql   ,releases: [7,8,9] ,arch: [x86_64, aarch64] ,baseurl: { default: 'https://repo.pigsty.io/yum/pgsql/el$releasever.$basearch' ,china: 'https://repo.pigsty.cc/yum/pgsql/el$releasever.$basearch' }}
- { name: nginx          ,description: 'Nginx Repo'        ,module: infra   ,releases: [7,8,9] ,arch: [x86_64, aarch64] ,baseurl: { default: 'https://nginx.org/packages/rhel/$releasever/$basearch/' }}
- { name: baseos         ,description: 'EL 8+ BaseOS'      ,module: node    ,releases: [  8,9] ,arch: [x86_64, aarch64] ,baseurl: { default: 'https://dl.rockylinux.org/pub/rocky/$releasever/BaseOS/$basearch/os/'     ,china: 'https://mirrors.aliyun.com/rockylinux/$releasever/BaseOS/$basearch/os/'          ,europe: 'https://mirrors.xtom.de/rocky/$releasever/BaseOS/$basearch/os/'     }}
- { name: appstream      ,description: 'EL 8+ AppStream'   ,module: node    ,releases: [  8,9] ,arch: [x86_64, aarch64] ,baseurl: { default: 'https://dl.rockylinux.org/pub/rocky/$releasever/AppStream/$basearch/os/'  ,china: 'https://mirrors.aliyun.com/rockylinux/$releasever/AppStream/$basearch/os/'       ,europe: 'https://mirrors.xtom.de/rocky/$releasever/AppStream/$basearch/os/'  }}
- { name: extras         ,description: 'EL 8+ Extras'      ,module: node    ,releases: [  8,9] ,arch: [x86_64, aarch64] ,baseurl: { default: 'https://dl.rockylinux.org/pub/rocky/$releasever/extras/$basearch/os/'     ,china: 'https://mirrors.aliyun.com/rockylinux/$releasever/extras/$basearch/os/'          ,europe: 'https://mirrors.xtom.de/rocky/$releasever/extras/$basearch/os/'     }}
- { name: powertools     ,description: 'EL 8 PowerTools'   ,module: node    ,releases: [  8  ] ,arch: [x86_64, aarch64] ,baseurl: { default: 'https://dl.rockylinux.org/pub/rocky/$releasever/PowerTools/$basearch/os/' ,china: 'https://mirrors.aliyun.com/rockylinux/$releasever/PowerTools/$basearch/os/'      ,europe: 'https://mirrors.xtom.de/rocky/$releasever/PowerTools/$basearch/os/' }}
- { name: crb            ,description: 'EL 9 CRB'          ,module: node    ,releases: [    9] ,arch: [x86_64, aarch64] ,baseurl: { default: 'https://dl.rockylinux.org/pub/rocky/$releasever/CRB/$basearch/os/'        ,china: 'https://mirrors.aliyun.com/rockylinux/$releasever/CRB/$basearch/os/'             ,europe: 'https://mirrors.xtom.de/rocky/$releasever/CRB/$basearch/os/'        }}
- { name: epel           ,description: 'EL 8+ EPEL'        ,module: node    ,releases: [  8,9] ,arch: [x86_64, aarch64] ,baseurl: { default: 'http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/' ,china: 'https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/epel/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/' ,europe: 'https://mirrors.xtom.de/epel/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/'     }}
- { name: pgdg-common    ,description: 'PostgreSQL Common' ,module: pgsql   ,releases: [7,8,9] ,arch: [x86_64, aarch64] ,baseurl: { default: 'https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/common/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch' ,china: 'https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/postgresql/repos/yum/common/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch' , europe: 'https://mirrors.xtom.de/postgresql/repos/yum/common/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch' }}
- { name: pgdg-extras    ,description: 'PostgreSQL Extra'  ,module: pgsql   ,releases: [7,8,9] ,arch: [x86_64, aarch64] ,baseurl: { default: 'https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/common/pgdg-rhel$releasever-extras/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch' ,china: 'https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/postgresql/repos/yum/common/pgdg-rhel$releasever-extras/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch' , europe: 'https://mirrors.xtom.de/postgresql/repos/yum/common/pgdg-rhel$releasever-extras/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch' }}
- { name: pgdg-el8fix    ,description: 'PostgreSQL EL8FIX' ,module: pgsql   ,releases: [  8  ] ,arch: [x86_64, aarch64] ,baseurl: { default: 'https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/common/pgdg-centos8-sysupdates/redhat/rhel-8-x86_64/' ,china: 'https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/postgresql/repos/yum/common/pgdg-centos8-sysupdates/redhat/rhel-8-x86_64/' , europe: 'https://mirrors.xtom.de/postgresql/repos/yum/common/pgdg-centos8-sysupdates/redhat/rhel-8-x86_64/' } }
- { name: pgdg-el9fix    ,description: 'PostgreSQL EL9FIX' ,module: pgsql   ,releases: [    9] ,arch: [x86_64, aarch64] ,baseurl: { default: 'https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/common/pgdg-rocky9-sysupdates/redhat/rhel-9-x86_64/'  ,china: 'https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/postgresql/repos/yum/common/pgdg-rocky9-sysupdates/redhat/rhel-9-x86_64/' , europe: 'https://mirrors.xtom.de/postgresql/repos/yum/common/pgdg-rocky9-sysupdates/redhat/rhel-9-x86_64/' }}
- { name: pgdg17         ,description: 'PostgreSQL 17'     ,module: pgsql   ,releases: [  8,9] ,arch: [x86_64, aarch64] ,baseurl: { default: 'https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/17/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch' ,china: 'https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/postgresql/repos/yum/17/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch' ,europe: 'https://mirrors.xtom.de/postgresql/repos/yum/17/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch' }}
- { name: pgdg17-nonfree ,description: 'PostgreSQL 17+'    ,module: pgsql   ,releases: [  8,9] ,arch: [x86_64         ] ,baseurl: { default: 'https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/non-free/17/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch' ,china: 'https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/postgresql/repos/yum/non-free/17/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch' ,europe: 'https://mirrors.xtom.de/postgresql/repos/yum/non-free/17/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch' }}
- { name: timescaledb    ,description: 'TimescaleDB'       ,module: pgsql   ,releases: [7,8,9] ,arch: [x86_64, aarch64] ,baseurl: { default: 'https://packagecloud.io/timescale/timescaledb/el/$releasever/$basearch'  }}
# these repos are not used by default, but can be enabled by setting repo_modules
- { name: pgdg12         ,description: 'PostgreSQL 12'     ,module: pg12    ,releases: [7,8,9] ,arch: [x86_64, aarch64] ,baseurl: { default: 'https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/12/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch' ,china: 'https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/postgresql/repos/yum/12/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch' ,europe: 'https://mirrors.xtom.de/postgresql/repos/yum/12/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch' }}
- { name: pgdg12-nonfree ,description: 'PostgreSQL 12+'    ,module: pg12    ,releases: [7,8,9] ,arch: [x86_64, aarch64] ,baseurl: { default: 'https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/non-free/12/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch' ,china: 'https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/postgresql/repos/yum/non-free/12/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch' ,europe: 'https://mirrors.xtom.de/postgresql/repos/yum/non-free/12/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch' }}
- { name: pgdg13         ,description: 'PostgreSQL 13'     ,module: pg13    ,releases: [7,8,9] ,arch: [x86_64, aarch64] ,baseurl: { default: 'https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/13/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch' ,china: 'https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/postgresql/repos/yum/13/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch' ,europe: 'https://mirrors.xtom.de/postgresql/repos/yum/13/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch' }}
- { name: pgdg13-nonfree ,description: 'PostgreSQL 13+'    ,module: pg13    ,releases: [7,8,9] ,arch: [x86_64, aarch64] ,baseurl: { default: 'https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/non-free/13/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch' ,china: 'https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/postgresql/repos/yum/non-free/13/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch' ,europe: 'https://mirrors.xtom.de/postgresql/repos/yum/non-free/13/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch' }}
- { name: pgdg14         ,description: 'PostgreSQL 14'     ,module: pg14    ,releases: [7,8,9] ,arch: [x86_64, aarch64] ,baseurl: { default: 'https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/14/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch' ,china: 'https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/postgresql/repos/yum/14/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch' ,europe: 'https://mirrors.xtom.de/postgresql/repos/yum/14/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch' }}
- { name: pgdg14-nonfree ,description: 'PostgreSQL 14+'    ,module: pg14    ,releases: [7,8,9] ,arch: [x86_64, aarch64] ,baseurl: { default: 'https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/non-free/14/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch' ,china: 'https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/postgresql/repos/yum/non-free/14/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch' ,europe: 'https://mirrors.xtom.de/postgresql/repos/yum/non-free/14/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch' }}
- { name: pgdg15         ,description: 'PostgreSQL 15'     ,module: pg15    ,releases: [7,8,9] ,arch: [x86_64, aarch64] ,baseurl: { default: 'https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/15/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch' ,china: 'https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/postgresql/repos/yum/15/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch' ,europe: 'https://mirrors.xtom.de/postgresql/repos/yum/15/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch' }}
- { name: pgdg15-nonfree ,description: 'PostgreSQL 15+'    ,module: pg15    ,releases: [7,8,9] ,arch: [x86_64, aarch64] ,baseurl: { default: 'https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/non-free/15/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch' ,china: 'https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/postgresql/repos/yum/non-free/15/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch' ,europe: 'https://mirrors.xtom.de/postgresql/repos/yum/non-free/15/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch' }}
- { name: pgdg16         ,description: 'PostgreSQL 16'     ,module: pg16    ,releases: [7,8,9] ,arch: [x86_64, aarch64] ,baseurl: { default: 'https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/16/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch' ,china: 'https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/postgresql/repos/yum/16/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch' ,europe: 'https://mirrors.xtom.de/postgresql/repos/yum/16/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch' }}
- { name: pgdg16-nonfree ,description: 'PostgreSQL 16+'    ,module: pg16    ,releases: [7,8,9] ,arch: [x86_64, aarch64] ,baseurl: { default: 'https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/non-free/16/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch' ,china: 'https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/postgresql/repos/yum/non-free/16/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch' ,europe: 'https://mirrors.xtom.de/postgresql/repos/yum/non-free/16/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch' }}
- { name: pgdg17         ,description: 'PostgreSQL 17'     ,module: pg17    ,releases: [7,8,9] ,arch: [x86_64, aarch64] ,baseurl: { default: 'https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/17/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch' ,china: 'https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/postgresql/repos/yum/17/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch' ,europe: 'https://mirrors.xtom.de/postgresql/repos/yum/17/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch' }}
- { name: pgdg17-nonfree ,description: 'PostgreSQL 17+'    ,module: pg17    ,releases: [7,8,9] ,arch: [x86_64         ] ,baseurl: { default: 'https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/non-free/17/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch' ,china: 'https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/postgresql/repos/yum/non-free/17/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch' ,europe: 'https://mirrors.xtom.de/postgresql/repos/yum/non-free/17/redhat/rhel-$releasever-$basearch' }}
- { name: docker-ce      ,description: 'Docker CE'         ,module: docker  ,releases: [7,8,9] ,arch: [x86_64, aarch64] ,baseurl: { default: 'https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/$releasever/$basearch/stable'    ,china: 'https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/$releasever/$basearch/stable'  ,europe: 'https://mirrors.xtom.de/docker-ce/linux/centos/$releasever/$basearch/stable' }}
- { name: kubernetes     ,description: 'Kubernetes'        ,module: kube    ,releases: [7,8,9] ,arch: [x86_64, aarch64] ,baseurl: { default: 'https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.31/rpm/', china: 'https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes-new/core/stable/v1.31/rpm/' }}
- { name: wiltondb       ,description: 'WiltonDB'          ,module: mssql   ,releases: [7,8,9] ,arch: [x86_64, aarch64] ,baseurl: { default: 'https://download.copr.fedorainfracloud.org/results/wiltondb/wiltondb/epel-$releasever-$basearch/', china: 'https://repo.pigsty.cc/yum/mssql/el$releasever.$basearch' }}
- { name: ivorysql       ,description: 'IvorySQL'          ,module: ivory   ,releases: [7,8,9] ,arch: [x86_64         ] ,baseurl: { default: 'https://repo.pigsty.io/yum/ivory/el$releasever.$basearch', china: 'https://repo.pigsty.cc/yum/ivory/el$releasever.$basearch' }}
- { name: mysql          ,description: 'MySQL'             ,module: mysql   ,releases: [7,8,9] ,arch: [x86_64, aarch64] ,baseurl: { default: 'https://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-8.0-community/el/$releasever/$basearch/', china: 'https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mysql/yum/mysql-8.0-community-el7-$basearch/' }}
- { name: grafana        ,description: 'Grafana'           ,module: grafana ,releases: [7,8,9] ,arch: [x86_64, aarch64] ,baseurl: { default: 'https://rpm.grafana.com' }}

For Debian (11,12) or Ubuntu (22.04, 22.04) systems, the default values are:

- { name: pigsty-local  ,description: 'Pigsty Local'     ,module: local     ,releases: [11,12,20,22,24] ,arch: [x86_64, aarch64] ,baseurl: { default: 'http://${admin_ip}/pigsty ./' }}
- { name: pigsty-pgsql  ,description: 'Pigsty PgSQL'     ,module: pgsql     ,releases: [11,12,20,22,24] ,arch: [x86_64, aarch64] ,baseurl: { default: 'https://repo.pigsty.io/apt/pgsql/${distro_codename} ${distro_codename} main', china: 'https://repo.pigsty.cc/apt/pgsql/${distro_codename} ${distro_codename} main' }}
- { name: pigsty-infra  ,description: 'Pigsty Infra'     ,module: infra     ,releases: [11,12,20,22,24] ,arch: [x86_64, aarch64] ,baseurl: { default: 'https://repo.pigsty.io/apt/infra/ generic main' ,china: 'https://repo.pigsty.cc/apt/infra/ generic main' }}
- { name: nginx         ,description: 'Nginx'            ,module: infra     ,releases: [11,12,20,22,24] ,arch: [x86_64, aarch64] ,baseurl: { default: 'http://nginx.org/packages/${distro_name} ${distro_codename} nginx' }}
- { name: base          ,description: 'Debian Basic'     ,module: node      ,releases: [11,12         ] ,arch: [x86_64, aarch64] ,baseurl: { default: 'http://deb.debian.org/debian/ ${distro_codename} main non-free-firmware'         ,china: 'https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ ${distro_codename} main restricted universe multiverse' }}
- { name: updates       ,description: 'Debian Updates'   ,module: node      ,releases: [11,12         ] ,arch: [x86_64, aarch64] ,baseurl: { default: 'http://deb.debian.org/debian/ ${distro_codename}-updates main non-free-firmware' ,china: 'https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ ${distro_codename}-updates main restricted universe multiverse' }}
- { name: security      ,description: 'Debian Security'  ,module: node      ,releases: [11,12         ] ,arch: [x86_64, aarch64] ,baseurl: { default: 'http://security.debian.org/debian-security ${distro_codename}-security main non-free-firmware' }}
- { name: base          ,description: 'Ubuntu Basic'     ,module: node      ,releases: [      20,22,24] ,arch: [x86_64         ] ,baseurl: { default: 'https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/ubuntu/ ${distro_codename}           main universe multiverse restricted' ,china: 'https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ ${distro_codename}           main restricted universe multiverse' }}
- { name: updates       ,description: 'Ubuntu Updates'   ,module: node      ,releases: [      20,22,24] ,arch: [x86_64         ] ,baseurl: { default: 'https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/ubuntu/ ${distro_codename}-backports main restricted universe multiverse' ,china: 'https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ ${distro_codename}-updates   main restricted universe multiverse' }}
- { name: backports     ,description: 'Ubuntu Backports' ,module: node      ,releases: [      20,22,24] ,arch: [x86_64         ] ,baseurl: { default: 'https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/ubuntu/ ${distro_codename}-security  main restricted universe multiverse' ,china: 'https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ ${distro_codename}-backports main restricted universe multiverse' }}
- { name: security      ,description: 'Ubuntu Security'  ,module: node      ,releases: [      20,22,24] ,arch: [x86_64         ] ,baseurl: { default: 'https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/ubuntu/ ${distro_codename}-updates   main restricted universe multiverse' ,china: 'https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ ${distro_codename}-security  main restricted universe multiverse' }}
- { name: base          ,description: 'Ubuntu Basic'     ,module: node      ,releases: [      20,22,24] ,arch: [        aarch64] ,baseurl: { default: 'http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ ${distro_codename}           main universe multiverse restricted' ,china: 'https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ ${distro_codename}           main restricted universe multiverse' }}
- { name: updates       ,description: 'Ubuntu Updates'   ,module: node      ,releases: [      20,22,24] ,arch: [        aarch64] ,baseurl: { default: 'http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ ${distro_codename}-backports main restricted universe multiverse' ,china: 'https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ ${distro_codename}-updates   main restricted universe multiverse' }}
- { name: backports     ,description: 'Ubuntu Backports' ,module: node      ,releases: [      20,22,24] ,arch: [        aarch64] ,baseurl: { default: 'http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ ${distro_codename}-security  main restricted universe multiverse' ,china: 'https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ ${distro_codename}-backports main restricted universe multiverse' }}
- { name: security      ,description: 'Ubuntu Security'  ,module: node      ,releases: [      20,22,24] ,arch: [        aarch64] ,baseurl: { default: 'http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ ${distro_codename}-updates   main restricted universe multiverse' ,china: 'https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ ${distro_codename}-security  main restricted universe multiverse' }}
- { name: pgdg          ,description: 'PGDG'             ,module: pgsql     ,releases: [11,12,20,22,24] ,arch: [x86_64, aarch64] ,baseurl: { default: 'http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt/ ${distro_codename}-pgdg main' ,china: 'https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/postgresql/repos/apt/ ${distro_codename}-pgdg main' }}
- { name: citus         ,description: 'Citus'            ,module: pgsql     ,releases: [11,12,20,22   ] ,arch: [x86_64, aarch64] ,baseurl: { default: 'https://packagecloud.io/citusdata/community/${distro_name}/ ${distro_codename} main' } }
- { name: timescaledb   ,description: 'Timescaledb'      ,module: pgsql     ,releases: [11,12,20,22,24] ,arch: [x86_64, aarch64] ,baseurl: { default: 'https://packagecloud.io/timescale/timescaledb/${distro_name}/ ${distro_codename} main' }}
# these repos are not used by default, but can be enabled by setting repo_modules
- { name: grafana      ,description: 'Grafana'           ,module: grafana   ,releases: [11,12,20,22,24] ,arch: [x86_64, aarch64] ,baseurl: { default: 'https://apt.grafana.com stable main' ,china: 'https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/grafana/apt/ stable main' }}
- { name: pgml         ,description: 'PostgresML'        ,module: pgml      ,releases: [         22   ] ,arch: [x86_64, aarch64] ,baseurl: { default: 'https://apt.postgresml.org ${distro_codename} main'  }}
- { name: wiltondb     ,description: 'WiltonDB'          ,module: mssql     ,releases: [      20,22,24] ,arch: [x86_64, aarch64] ,baseurl: { default: 'https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/wiltondb/wiltondb/ubuntu/ ${distro_codename} main', china: 'https://repo.pigsty.cc/apt/mssql/ ${distro_codename} main'  }}
- { name: mysql        ,description: 'MySQL'             ,module: mysql     ,releases: [11,12,20,22,24] ,arch: [x86_64, aarch64] ,baseurl: { default: 'https://repo.mysql.com/apt/${distro_name} ${distro_codename} mysql-8.0 mysql-tools', china: 'https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mysql/apt/${distro_name} ${distro_codename} mysql-8.0 mysql-tools' }}
- { name: docker-ce    ,description: 'Docker'            ,module: docker    ,releases: [11,12,20,22,24] ,arch: [x86_64, aarch64] ,baseurl: { default: 'https://download.docker.com/linux/${distro_name} ${distro_codename} stable' ,china: 'https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux//${distro_name} ${distro_codename} stable' }}
- { name: kubernetes   ,description: 'Kubernetes'        ,module: kube      ,releases: [11,12,20,22,24] ,arch: [x86_64, aarch64] ,baseurl: { default: 'https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.31/deb/ /', china: 'https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes-new/core/stable/v1.31/deb/ /' }}

Pigsty Building template oss.yml has default values for different OS distros.

repo_packages

name: repo_packages, type: string[], level: G

This param is an array os strings, each string is a list of software packages separated by space, specifying which packages to be included & downloaded.

This param DOES NOT have a default value, you can specify it explicitly, or leaving it empty if you want to use the default values.

When leaving it empty, Pigsty will use the default values from the repo_packages_default defined in roles/node_id/vars according to you OS.

[ node-bootstrap, infra-package, infra-addons, node-package1, node-package2, pgsql-utility ]

Each element in repo_packages will be translated into a list of package names according to the package_map defined in the above file, for specific OS distro version.

For example, on EL systems, it will be translated into:

node-bootstrap:          "ansible python3 python3-pip python3-virtualenv python3-requests python3-jmespath python3-cryptography dnf-utils modulemd-tools createrepo_c sshpass"
infra-package:           "nginx dnsmasq etcd haproxy vip-manager pg_exporter pgbackrest_exporter redis_exporter redis minio mcli ferretdb duckdb"
infra-addons:            "grafana loki logcli promtail prometheus2 alertmanager pushgateway node_exporter blackbox_exporter nginx_exporter keepalived_exporter"
node-package1:           "lz4 unzip bzip2 zlib yum pv jq git ncdu make patch bash lsof wget uuid tuned nvme-cli numactl grubby sysstat iotop htop rsync tcpdump perf flamegraph chkconfig"
node-package2:           "netcat socat ftp lrzsz net-tools ipvsadm bind-utils telnet audit ca-certificates readline vim-minimal keepalived chrony openssl openssh-server openssh-clients"
pgsql-utility:           "patroni patroni-etcd pgbouncer pgbackrest pgbadger pg_activity pg_timetable pgFormatter pg_filedump pgxnclient timescaledb-tools pgcopydb pgloader"

And on Debian/Ubuntu systems, it will be translated into:

node-bootstrap:          "ansible python3 python3-pip python3-venv python3-jmespath dpkg-dev sshpass ftp linux-tools-generic"
infra-package:           "nginx dnsmasq etcd haproxy vip-manager pg-exporter pgbackrest-exporter redis-exporter redis minio mcli ferretdb duckdb"
infra-addons:            "grafana loki logcli promtail prometheus2 alertmanager pushgateway node-exporter blackbox-exporter nginx-exporter keepalived-exporter"
node-package1:           "lz4 unzip bzip2 zlib1g pv jq git ncdu make patch bash lsof wget uuid tuned nvme-cli numactl sysstat iotop htop rsync tcpdump acl chrony"
node-package2:           "netcat-openbsd socat lrzsz net-tools ipvsadm dnsutils telnet ca-certificates libreadline-dev vim-tiny keepalived openssl openssh-server openssh-client"
pgsql-utility:           "patroni pgbouncer pgbackrest pgbadger pg-activity pg-timetable pgformatter postgresql-filedump pgxnclient timescaledb-tools pgcopydb pgloader"

As a convention, repo_packages usually includes software packages that are not related to the major version of PostgreSQL (such as Infra, Node, and PGDG Common), while software packages related to the major version of PostgreSQL (kernel, extensions) are usually specified in repo_extra_packages to facilitate switching between PG major versions.

repo_extra_packages

name: repo_extra_packages, type: string[], level: G/C/I

This parameter is same as repo_packages, but it is used for the additional software packages that need to be downloaded. (Usually PG version ad hoc packages)

The default value is an empty list. You can override it at the cluster & instance level to specify additional software packages that need to be downloaded.

If this parameter is not explicitly defined, Pigsty will load the default value from the repo_extra_packages_default defined in roles/node_id/vars, which is:

[ pgsql-main ]

Each element in repo_packages will be translated into a list of package names according to the package_map defined in the above file, for specific OS distro version.

For example, on EL systems, it will be translated into:

postgresql$v* pg_repack_$v* wal2json_$v* pgvector_$v*

And on Debian/Ubuntu systems, it will be translated into:

postgresql-$v postgresql-client-$v postgresql-plpython3-$v postgresql-plperl-$v postgresql-pltcl-$v postgresql-server-dev-$v postgresql-$v-repack postgresql-$v-wal2json postgresql-$v-pgvector

Here $v will be replaced with the actual PostgreSQL major version number pg_version, So you can add any PG version related packages here, and Pigsty will download them for you.

repo_url_packages

name: repo_url_packages, type: object[] | string[], level: G

extra packages from url, default values:

repo_url_packages:                # extra packages from url
  - { name: "pev.html"    ,url: "https://repo.pigsty.io/etc/pev-1.12.1.html"    } # Explain Visualizer
  - { name: "chart.tgz"   ,url: "https://repo.pigsty.io/etc/chart-1.0.0.tgz"    } # Grafana Maps
  - { name: "plugins.tgz" ,url: "https://repo.pigsty.io/etc/plugins-11.1.4.tgz" } # Grafana Plugins

The default entries are pev.html, chart.tgz, and plugins.tgz. which are all optional add-ons, and will be downloaded via URL from the Internet directly.

For example, if you don’t download the plugins.tgz, Pigsty will download it later during grafana setup.

You can use object list or string list in this parameter, in the latter case, Pigsty will use the url basename as the filename.

Beware that if the region is set to china, the pigsty.io will be replaced with pigsty.cc automatically.

INFRA_PACKAGE

These packages are installed on infra nodes only, including common rpm/deb/pip packages.

infra_packages

name: infra_packages, type: string[], level: G

This param is an array os strings, each string is a list of common software packages separated by space, specifying which packages to be installed on INFRA nodes.

This param DOES NOT have a default value, you can specify it explicitly, or leaving it empty if you want to use the default values.

When leaving it empty, Pigsty will use the default values from the repo_packages_default defined in roles/node_id/vars according to you OS.

For EL (7/8/9) system, the default values are:

infra_packages:                   # packages to be installed on infra nodes
  - grafana,loki,logcli,promtail,prometheus2,alertmanager,pushgateway
  - node_exporter,blackbox_exporter,nginx_exporter,pg_exporter
  - nginx,dnsmasq,ansible,etcd,python3-requests,redis,mcli

For Debian (11,12) or Ubuntu (22.04, 22.04) systems, the default values are:

infra_packages:                   # packages to be installed on infra nodes
  - grafana,loki,logcli,promtail,prometheus2,alertmanager,pushgateway
  - node-exporter,blackbox-exporter,nginx-exporter,pg-exporter
  - nginx,dnsmasq,ansible,etcd,python3-requests,redis,mcli

infra_packages_pip

name: infra_packages_pip, type: string, level: G

pip installed packages for infra nodes, default value is empty string

NGINX

Pigsty exposes all Web services through Nginx: Home Page, Grafana, Prometheus, AlertManager, etc…, and other optional tools such as PGWe, Jupyter Lab, Pgadmin, Bytebase ,and other static resource & report such as pev, schemaspy & pgbadger

This nginx also serves as a local yum/apt repo.

nginx_enabled: true               # enable nginx on this infra node?
nginx_exporter_enabled: true      # enable nginx_exporter on this infra node?
nginx_sslmode: enable             # nginx ssl mode? disable,enable,enforce
nginx_home: /www                  # nginx content dir, `/www` by default
nginx_port: 80                    # nginx listen port, 80 by default
nginx_ssl_port: 443               # nginx ssl listen port, 443 by default
nginx_navbar:                     # nginx index page navigation links
  - { name: CA Cert ,url: '/ca.crt'   ,desc: 'pigsty self-signed ca.crt'   }
  - { name: Package ,url: '/pigsty'   ,desc: 'local yum repo packages'     }
  - { name: PG Logs ,url: '/logs'     ,desc: 'postgres raw csv logs'       }
  - { name: Reports ,url: '/report'   ,desc: 'pgbadger summary report'     }
  - { name: Explain ,url: '/pigsty/pev.html' ,desc: 'postgres explain visualizer' }

nginx_enabled

name: nginx_enabled, type: bool, level: G/I

enable nginx on this infra node? default value: true

nginx_exporter_enabled

name: nginx_exporter_enabled, type: bool, level: G/I

enable nginx_exporter on this infra node? default value: true.

set to false will disable /nginx health check stub too: If your nginx does not support /nginx stub, you can set this value to false to disable it.

nginx_sslmode

name: nginx_sslmode, type: enum, level: G

nginx ssl mode? which could be: disable, enable, enforce, the default value: enable

  • disable: listen on nginx_port and serve plain HTTP only
  • enable: also listen on nginx_ssl_port and serve HTTPS
  • enforce: all links will be rendered as https:// by default

nginx_home

name: nginx_home, type: path, level: G

nginx web server static content dir, /www by default

Nginx root directory which contains static resource and repo resource. It’s wise to set this value same as repo_home so that local repo content is automatically served.

nginx_port

name: nginx_port, type: port, level: G

nginx listen port which serves the HTTP requests, 80 by default.

If your default 80 port is occupied or unavailable, you can consider using another port, and change repo_endpoint and repo_upstream (the local entry) accordingly.

nginx_ssl_port

name: nginx_ssl_port, type: port, level: G

nginx ssl listen port, 443 by default

nginx_navbar

name: nginx_navbar, type: index[], level: G

nginx index page navigation links

default value:

nginx_navbar:                     # nginx index page navigation links
  - { name: CA Cert ,url: '/ca.crt'   ,desc: 'pigsty self-signed ca.crt'   }
  - { name: Package ,url: '/pigsty'   ,desc: 'local yum repo packages'     }
  - { name: PG Logs ,url: '/logs'     ,desc: 'postgres raw csv logs'       }
  - { name: Reports ,url: '/report'   ,desc: 'pgbadger summary report'     }
  - { name: Explain ,url: '/pigsty/pev.html' ,desc: 'postgres explain visualizer' }

Each record is rendered as a navigation link to the Pigsty home page App drop-down menu, and the apps are all optional, mounted by default on the Pigsty default server under http://pigsty/.

The url parameter specifies the URL PATH for the app, with the exception that if the ${grafana} string is present in the URL, it will be automatically replaced with the Grafana domain name defined in infra_portal.

DNS

Pigsty will launch a default DNSMASQ server on infra nodes to serve DNS inquiry. such as h.pigsty a.pigsty p.pigsty g.pigsty and sss.pigsty for optional MinIO service.

All records will be added to infra node’s /etc/hosts.d/*.

You have to add nameserver {{ admin_ip }} to your /etc/resolv to use this dns server, and node_dns_servers will do the trick.

dns_enabled: true                 # setup dnsmasq on this infra node?
dns_port: 53                      # dns server listen port, 53 by default
dns_records:                      # dynamic dns records resolved by dnsmasq
  - "${admin_ip} h.pigsty a.pigsty p.pigsty g.pigsty"
  - "${admin_ip} api.pigsty adm.pigsty cli.pigsty ddl.pigsty lab.pigsty git.pigsty sss.pigsty wiki.pigsty"

dns_enabled

name: dns_enabled, type: bool, level: G/I

setup dnsmasq on this infra node? default value: true

If you don’t want to use the default DNS server, you can set this value to false to disable it. And use node_default_etc_hosts and node_etc_hosts instead.

dns_port

name: dns_port, type: port, level: G

dns server listen port, 53 by default

dns_records

name: dns_records, type: string[], level: G

dynamic dns records resolved by dnsmasq, Some auxiliary domain names will be written to /etc/hosts.d/default on infra nodes by default

dns_records:                      # dynamic dns records resolved by dnsmasq
  - "${admin_ip} h.pigsty a.pigsty p.pigsty g.pigsty"
  - "${admin_ip} api.pigsty adm.pigsty cli.pigsty ddl.pigsty lab.pigsty git.pigsty sss.pigsty wiki.pigsty"

PROMETHEUS

Prometheus is used as time-series database for metrics scrape, storage & analysis.

prometheus_enabled: true          # enable prometheus on this infra node?
prometheus_clean: true            # clean prometheus data during init?
prometheus_data: /data/prometheus # prometheus data dir, `/data/prometheus` by default
prometheus_sd_dir: /etc/prometheus/targets # prometheus file service discovery directory
prometheus_sd_interval: 5s        # prometheus target refresh interval, 5s by default
prometheus_scrape_interval: 10s   # prometheus scrape & eval interval, 10s by default
prometheus_scrape_timeout: 8s     # prometheus global scrape timeout, 8s by default
prometheus_options: '--storage.tsdb.retention.time=15d' # prometheus extra server options
pushgateway_enabled: true         # setup pushgateway on this infra node?
pushgateway_options: '--persistence.interval=1m' # pushgateway extra server options
blackbox_enabled: true            # setup blackbox_exporter on this infra node?
blackbox_options: ''              # blackbox_exporter extra server options
alertmanager_enabled: true        # setup alertmanager on this infra node?
alertmanager_options: ''          # alertmanager extra server options
exporter_metrics_path: /metrics   # exporter metric path, `/metrics` by default
exporter_install: none            # how to install exporter? none,yum,binary
exporter_repo_url: ''             # exporter repo file url if install exporter via yum

prometheus_enabled

name: prometheus_enabled, type: bool, level: G/I

enable prometheus on this infra node?

default value: true

prometheus_clean

name: prometheus_clean, type: bool, level: G/A

clean prometheus data during init? default value: true

prometheus_data

name: prometheus_data, type: path, level: G

prometheus data dir, /data/prometheus by default

prometheus_sd_dir

name: prometheus_sd_dir, type: path, level: G, default value: /etc/prometheus/targets

prometheus static file service discovery target dir, prometheus will find dynamic monitoring targets from this directory.

prometheus_sd_interval

name: prometheus_sd_interval, type: interval, level: G, default value: 5s

Prometheus will check prometheus_sd_interval dir per 5s by default to find out new monitoring targets.

prometheus_scrape_interval

name: prometheus_scrape_interval, type: interval, level: G

prometheus scrape & eval interval, 10s by default

prometheus_scrape_timeout

name: prometheus_scrape_timeout, type: interval, level: G

prometheus global scrape timeout, 8s by default

DO NOT set this larger than prometheus_scrape_interval

prometheus_options

name: prometheus_options, type: arg, level: G

prometheus extra server options

default value: --storage.tsdb.retention.time=15d

Extra cli args for prometheus server, the default value will set up a 15-day data retention to limit disk usage.

pushgateway_enabled

name: pushgateway_enabled, type: bool, level: G/I

setup pushgateway on this infra node? default value: true

pushgateway_options

name: pushgateway_options, type: arg, level: G

pushgateway extra server options, default value: --persistence.interval=1m

blackbox_enabled

name: blackbox_enabled, type: bool, level: G/I

setup blackbox_exporter on this infra node? default value: true

blackbox_options

name: blackbox_options, type: arg, level: G

blackbox_exporter extra server options, default value is empty string

alertmanager_enabled

name: alertmanager_enabled, type: bool, level: G/I

setup alertmanager on this infra node? default value: true

alertmanager_options

name: alertmanager_options, type: arg, level: G

alertmanager extra server options, default value is empty string

exporter_metrics_path

name: exporter_metrics_path, type: path, level: G

exporter metric path, /metrics by default

exporter_install

name: exporter_install, type: enum, level: G

(OBSOLETE) how to install exporter? none,yum,binary

default value: none

Specify how to install Exporter:

  • none: No installation, (by default, the Exporter has been previously installed by the node_pkg task)
  • yum: Install using yum (if yum installation is enabled, run yum to install node_exporter and pg_exporter before deploying Exporter)
  • binary: Install using a copy binary (copy node_exporter and pg_exporter binary directly from the meta node, not recommended)

When installing with yum, if exporter_repo_url is specified (not empty), the installation will first install the REPO file under that URL into /etc/yum.repos.d. This feature allows you to install Exporter directly without initializing the node infrastructure. It is not recommended for regular users to use binary installation. This mode is usually used for emergency troubleshooting and temporary problem fixes.

<meta>:<pigsty>/files/node_exporter ->  <target>:/usr/bin/node_exporter
<meta>:<pigsty>/files/pg_exporter   ->  <target>:/usr/bin/pg_exporter

exporter_repo_url

name: exporter_repo_url, type: url, level: G

(OBSOLETE) exporter repo file url if install exporter via yum

default value is empty string

Default is empty; when exporter_install is yum, the repo specified by this parameter will be added to the node source list.

GRAFANA

Grafana is the visualization platform for Pigsty’s monitoring system.

It can also be used as a low code data visualization environment

grafana_enabled: true             # enable grafana on this infra node?
grafana_clean: true               # clean grafana data during init?
grafana_admin_username: admin     # grafana admin username, `admin` by default
grafana_admin_password: pigsty    # grafana admin password, `pigsty` by default
grafana_plugin_cache: /www/pigsty/plugins.tgz # path to grafana plugins cache tarball
grafana_plugin_list:              # grafana plugins to be downloaded with grafana-cli
  - volkovlabs-echarts-panel
  - volkovlabs-image-panel
  - volkovlabs-form-panel
  - volkovlabs-variable-panel
  - volkovlabs-grapi-datasource
  - marcusolsson-static-datasource
  - marcusolsson-json-datasource
  - marcusolsson-dynamictext-panel
  - marcusolsson-treemap-panel
  - marcusolsson-calendar-panel
  - marcusolsson-hourly-heatmap-panel
  - knightss27-weathermap-panel
loki_enabled: true                # enable loki on this infra node?
loki_clean: false                 # whether remove existing loki data?
loki_data: /data/loki             # loki data dir, `/data/loki` by default
loki_retention: 15d               # loki log retention period, 15d by default

grafana_enabled

name: grafana_enabled, type: bool, level: G/I

enable grafana on this infra node? default value: true

grafana_clean

name: grafana_clean, type: bool, level: G/A

clean grafana data during init? default value: true

grafana_admin_username

name: grafana_admin_username, type: username, level: G

grafana admin username, admin by default

grafana_admin_password

name: grafana_admin_password, type: password, level: G

grafana admin password, pigsty by default

default value: pigsty

WARNING: Change this to a strong password before deploying to production environment

grafana_plugin_cache

name: grafana_plugin_cache, type: path, level: G

path to grafana plugins cache tarball

default value: /www/pigsty/plugins.tgz

If that cache exists, pigsty use that instead of downloading plugins from the Internet

grafana_plugin_list

name: grafana_plugin_list, type: string[], level: G

grafana plugins to be downloaded with grafana-cli

default value:

grafana_plugin_list:              # grafana plugins to be downloaded with grafana-cli
  - volkovlabs-echarts-panel
  - volkovlabs-image-panel
  - volkovlabs-form-panel
  - volkovlabs-variable-panel
  - volkovlabs-grapi-datasource
  - marcusolsson-static-datasource
  - marcusolsson-json-datasource
  - marcusolsson-dynamictext-panel
  - marcusolsson-treemap-panel
  - marcusolsson-calendar-panel
  - marcusolsson-hourly-heatmap-panel
  - knightss27-weathermap-panel

LOKI

loki_enabled

name: loki_enabled, type: bool, level: G/I

enable loki on this infra node? default value: true

loki_clean

name: loki_clean, type: bool, level: G/A

whether remove existing loki data? default value: false

loki_data

name: loki_data, type: path, level: G

loki data dir, default value: /data/loki

loki_retention

name: loki_retention, type: interval, level: G

loki log retention period, 15d by default

NODE

Node module are tuning target nodes into desired state and take it into the Pigsty monitor system.

NODE_ID

Each node has identity parameters that are configured through the parameters in <cluster>.hosts and <cluster>.vars. Check NODE Identity for details.

nodename

name: nodename, type: string, level: I

node instance identity, use hostname if missing, optional

no default value, Null or empty string means nodename will be set to node’s current hostname.

If node_id_from_pg is true (by default) and nodename is not explicitly defined, nodename will try to use ${pg_cluster}-${pg_seq} first, if PGSQL is not defined on this node, it will fall back to default HOSTNAME.

If nodename_overwrite is true, the node name will also be used as the HOSTNAME.

node_cluster

name: node_cluster, type: string, level: C

node cluster identity, use ’nodes’ if missing, optional

default values: nodes

If node_id_from_pg is true (by default) and node_cluster is not explicitly defined, node_cluster will try to use ${pg_cluster} first, if PGSQL is not defined on this node, it will fall back to default HOSTNAME.

nodename_overwrite

name: nodename_overwrite, type: bool, level: C

overwrite node’s hostname with nodename?

default value is true, a non-empty node name nodename will override the hostname of the current node.

When the nodename parameter is undefined or an empty string, but node_id_from_pg is true, the node name will try to use {{ pg_cluster }}-{{ pg_seq }}, borrow identity from the 1:1 PostgreSQL Instance’s ins name.

No changes are made to the hostname if the nodename is undefined, empty, or an empty string and node_id_from_pg is false.

nodename_exchange

name: nodename_exchange, type: bool, level: C

exchange nodename among play hosts?

default value is false

When this parameter is enabled, node names are exchanged between the same group of nodes executing the node.yml playbook, written to /etc/hosts.

node_id_from_pg

name: node_id_from_pg, type: bool, level: C

use postgres identity as node identity if applicable?

default value is true

Boworrow PostgreSQL cluster & instance identity if application.

It’s useful to use same identity for postgres & node if there’s a 1:1 relationship

NODE_DNS

Pigsty configs static DNS records and dynamic DNS resolver for nodes.

If you already have a DNS server, set node_dns_method to none to disable dynamic DNS setup.

node_write_etc_hosts: true        # modify `/etc/hosts` on target node?
node_default_etc_hosts:           # static dns records in `/etc/hosts`
  - "${admin_ip} h.pigsty a.pigsty p.pigsty g.pigsty"
node_etc_hosts: []                # extra static dns records in `/etc/hosts`
node_dns_method: add              # how to handle dns servers: add,none,overwrite
node_dns_servers: ['${admin_ip}'] # dynamic nameserver in `/etc/resolv.conf`
node_dns_options:                 # dns resolv options in `/etc/resolv.conf`
  - options single-request-reopen timeout:1

node_write_etc_hosts

name: node_write_etc_hosts, type: ‘bool’, level: G|C|I

modify /etc/hosts on target node?

For example, the docker VM can not modify /etc/hosts by default, so you can set this value to false to disable the modification.

node_default_etc_hosts

name: node_default_etc_hosts, type: string[], level: G

static dns records in /etc/hosts

default value:

["${admin_ip} h.pigsty a.pigsty p.pigsty g.pigsty"]

node_default_etc_hosts is an array. Each element is a DNS record with format <ip> <name>.

It is used for global static DNS records. You can use node_etc_hosts for ad hoc records for each cluster.

Make sure to write a DNS record like 10.10.10.10 h.pigsty a.pigsty p.pigsty g.pigsty to /etc/hosts to ensure that the local yum repo can be accessed using the domain name before the DNS Nameserver starts.

node_etc_hosts

name: node_etc_hosts, type: string[], level: C

extra static dns records in /etc/hosts

default values: []

Same as node_default_etc_hosts, but in addition to it.

node_dns_method

name: node_dns_method, type: enum, level: C

how to handle dns servers: add,none,overwrite

default values: add

  • add: Append the records in node_dns_servers to /etc/resolv.conf and keep the existing DNS servers. (default)
  • overwrite: Overwrite /etc/resolv.conf with the record in node_dns_servers
  • none: If a DNS server is provided in the production env, the DNS server config can be skipped.

node_dns_servers

name: node_dns_servers, type: string[], level: C

dynamic nameserver in /etc/resolv.conf

default values: ["${admin_ip}"] , the default nameserver on admin node will be added to /etc/resolv.conf as the first nameserver.

node_dns_options

name: node_dns_options, type: string[], level: C

dns resolv options in /etc/resolv.conf, default value:

- options single-request-reopen timeout:1

NODE_PACKAGE

This section is about upstream yum repos & packages to be installed.

node_repo_modules: local          # upstream repo to be added on node, local by default
node_repo_remove: true            # remove existing repo on node?
node_packages: [openssh-server]   # packages to be installed current nodes with latest version
#node_default_packages: []        # default packages to be installed on infra nodes, (defaults are load from node_id/vars)

node_repo_modules

name: node_repo_modules, type: string, level: C/A

upstream repo to be added on node, default value: local

This parameter specifies the upstream repo to be added to the node. It is used to filter the repo_upstream entries and only the entries with the same module value will be added to the node’s software source. Which is similar to the repo_modules parameter.

node_repo_remove

name: node_repo_remove, type: bool, level: C/A

remove existing repo on node?

default value is true, and thus Pigsty will move existing repo file in /etc/yum.repos.d to a backup dir: /etc/yum.repos.d/backup before adding upstream repos On Debian/Ubuntu, Pigsty will backup & move /etc/apt/sources.list(.d) to /etc/apt/backup.

node_packages

name: node_packages, type: string[], level: C

packages to be installed current nodes, default values: [openssh-server].

Each element is a comma-separated list of package names, which will be installed on the current node in addition to node_default_packages

Packages specified in this parameter will be upgraded to the latest version, and the default value is [openssh-server], which will upgrade sshd by default to avoid SSH CVE.

This parameters is usually used to install additional software packages that is ad hoc for the current node/cluster.

node_default_packages

name: node_default_packages, type: string[], level: G

default packages to be installed on all nodes, the default values is not defined.

This param is an array os strings, each string is a comma-separated list of package names, which will be installed on all nodes by default.

This param DOES NOT have a default value, you can specify it explicitly, or leaving it empty if you want to use the default values.

When leaving it empty, Pigsty will use the default values from the node_packages_default defined in roles/node_id/vars according to you OS.

For EL system, the default values are:

- lz4,unzip,bzip2,pv,jq,git,ncdu,make,patch,bash,lsof,wget,uuid,tuned,nvme-cli,numactl,sysstat,iotop,htop,rsync,tcpdump
- python3,python3-pip,socat,lrzsz,net-tools,ipvsadm,telnet,ca-certificates,openssl,keepalived,etcd,haproxy,chrony
- zlib,yum,audit,bind-utils,readline,vim-minimal,node_exporter,grubby,openssh-server,openssh-clients

For debian / ubuntu nodes, use this default value explicitly:

- lz4,unzip,bzip2,pv,jq,git,ncdu,make,patch,bash,lsof,wget,uuid,tuned,nvme-cli,numactl,sysstat,iotop,htop,rsync,tcpdump
- python3,python3-pip,socat,lrzsz,net-tools,ipvsadm,telnet,ca-certificates,openssl,keepalived,etcd,haproxy,chrony
- zlib1g,acl,dnsutils,libreadline-dev,vim-tiny,node-exporter,openssh-server,openssh-client

NODE_TUNE

Configure tuned templates, features, kernel modules, sysctl params on node.

node_disable_firewall: true       # disable node firewall? true by default
node_disable_selinux: true        # disable node selinux? true by default
node_disable_numa: false          # disable node numa, reboot required
node_disable_swap: false          # disable node swap, use with caution
node_static_network: true         # preserve dns resolver settings after reboot
node_disk_prefetch: false         # setup disk prefetch on HDD to increase performance
node_kernel_modules: [ softdog, br_netfilter, ip_vs, ip_vs_rr, ip_vs_wrr, ip_vs_sh ]
node_hugepage_count: 0            # number of 2MB hugepage, take precedence over ratio
node_hugepage_ratio: 0            # node mem hugepage ratio, 0 disable it by default
node_overcommit_ratio: 0          # node mem overcommit ratio, 0 disable it by default
node_tune: oltp                   # node tuned profile: none,oltp,olap,crit,tiny
node_sysctl_params: { }           # sysctl parameters in k:v format in addition to tuned

node_disable_firewall

name: node_disable_firewall, type: bool, level: C

disable node firewall? true by default

default value is true

node_disable_selinux

name: node_disable_selinux, type: bool, level: C

disable node selinux? true by default

default value is true

node_disable_numa

name: node_disable_numa, type: bool, level: C

disable node numa, reboot required

default value is false

Boolean flag, default is not off. Note that turning off NUMA requires a reboot of the machine before it can take effect!

If you don’t know how to set the CPU affinity, it is recommended to turn off NUMA.

node_disable_swap

name: node_disable_swap, type: bool, level: C

disable node swap, use with caution

default value is false

But turning off SWAP is not recommended. But SWAP should be disabled when your node is used for a Kubernetes deployment.

If there is enough memory and the database is deployed exclusively. it may slightly improve performance

node_static_network

name: node_static_network, type: bool, level: C

preserve dns resolver settings after reboot, default value is true

Enabling static networking means that machine reboots will not overwrite your DNS Resolv config with NIC changes. It is recommended to enable it in production environment.

node_disk_prefetch

name: node_disk_prefetch, type: bool, level: C

setup disk prefetch on HDD to increase performance

default value is false, Consider enable this when using HDD.

node_kernel_modules

name: node_kernel_modules, type: string[], level: C

kernel modules to be enabled on this node

default value:

node_kernel_modules: [ softdog, br_netfilter, ip_vs, ip_vs_rr, ip_vs_wrr, ip_vs_sh ]

An array consisting of kernel module names declaring the kernel modules that need to be installed on the node.

node_hugepage_count

name: node_hugepage_count, type: int, level: C

number of 2MB hugepage, take precedence over ratio, 0 by default

Take precedence over node_hugepage_ratio. If a non-zero value is given, it will be written to /etc/sysctl.d/hugepage.conf

If node_hugepage_count and node_hugepage_ratio are both 0 (default), hugepage will be disabled at all.

Negative value will not work, and number higher than 90% node mem will be ceil to 90% of node mem.

It should slightly larger than pg_shared_buffer_ratio, if not zero.

node_hugepage_ratio

name: node_hugepage_ratio, type: float, level: C

node mem hugepage ratio, 0 disable it by default, valid range: 0 ~ 0.40

default values: 0, which will set vm.nr_hugepages=0 and not use HugePage at all.

Percent of this memory will be allocated as HugePage, and reserved for PostgreSQL.

It should be equal or slightly larger than pg_shared_buffer_ratio, if not zero.

For example, if you have default 25% mem for postgres shard buffers, you can set this value to 0.27 ~ 0.30, Wasted hugepage can be reclaimed later with /pg/bin/pg-tune-hugepage

node_overcommit_ratio

name: node_overcommit_ratio, type: int, level: C

node mem overcommit ratio, 0 disable it by default. this is an integer from 0 to 100+ .

default values: 0, which will set vm.overcommit_memory=0, otherwise vm.overcommit_memory=2 will be used, and this value will be used as vm.overcommit_ratio.

It is recommended to set use a vm.overcommit_ratio on dedicated pgsql nodes. e.g. 50 ~ 100.

node_tune

name: node_tune, type: enum, level: C

node tuned profile: none,oltp,olap,crit,tiny

default values: oltp

  • tiny: Micro Virtual Machine (1 ~ 3 Core, 1 ~ 8 GB Mem)
  • oltp: Regular OLTP templates with optimized latency
  • olap : Regular OLAP templates to optimize throughput
  • crit: Core financial business templates, optimizing the number of dirty pages

Usually, the database tuning template pg_conf should be paired with the node tuning template: node_tune

node_sysctl_params

name: node_sysctl_params, type: dict, level: C

sysctl parameters in k:v format in addition to tuned

default values: {}

Dictionary K-V structure, Key is kernel sysctl parameter name, Value is the parameter value.

You can also define sysctl parameters with tuned profile

NODE_ADMIN

This section is about admin users and it’s credentials.

node_data: /data                  # node main data directory, `/data` by default
node_admin_enabled: true          # create a admin user on target node?
node_admin_uid: 88                # uid and gid for node admin user
node_admin_username: dba          # name of node admin user, `dba` by default
node_admin_ssh_exchange: true     # exchange admin ssh key among node cluster
node_admin_pk_current: true       # add current user's ssh pk to admin authorized_keys
node_admin_pk_list: []            # ssh public keys to be added to admin user

node_data

name: node_data, type: path, level: C

node main data directory, /data by default

default values: /data

If specified, this path will be used as major data disk mountpoint. And a dir will be created and throwing a warning if path not exists.

The data dir is owned by root with mode 0777.

node_admin_enabled

name: node_admin_enabled, type: bool, level: C

create a admin user on target node?

default value is true

Create an admin user on each node (password-free sudo and ssh), an admin user named dba (uid=88) will be created by default, which can access other nodes in the env and perform sudo from the meta node via SSH password-free.

node_admin_uid

name: node_admin_uid, type: int, level: C

uid and gid for node admin user

default values: 88

node_admin_username

name: node_admin_username, type: username, level: C

name of node admin user, dba by default

default values: dba

node_admin_ssh_exchange

name: node_admin_ssh_exchange, type: bool, level: C

exchange admin ssh key among node cluster

default value is true

When enabled, Pigsty will exchange SSH public keys between members during playbook execution, allowing admins node_admin_username to access each other from different nodes.

node_admin_pk_current

name: node_admin_pk_current, type: bool, level: C

add current user’s ssh pk to admin authorized_keys

default value is true

When enabled, on the current node, the SSH public key (~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub) of the current user is copied to the authorized_keys of the target node admin user.

When deploying in a production env, be sure to pay attention to this parameter, which installs the default public key of the user currently executing the command to the admin user of all machines.

node_admin_pk_list

name: node_admin_pk_list, type: string[], level: C

ssh public keys to be added to admin user

default values: []

Each element of the array is a string containing the key written to the admin user ~/.ssh/authorized_keys, and the user with the corresponding private key can log in as an admin user.

When deploying in production envs, be sure to note this parameter and add only trusted keys to this list.

NODE_TIME

node_timezone: ''                 # setup node timezone, empty string to skip
node_ntp_enabled: true            # enable chronyd time sync service?
node_ntp_servers:                 # ntp servers in `/etc/chrony.conf`
  - pool pool.ntp.org iburst
node_crontab_overwrite: true      # overwrite or append to `/etc/crontab`?
node_crontab: [ ]                 # crontab entries in `/etc/crontab`

node_timezone

name: node_timezone, type: string, level: C

setup node timezone, empty string to skip

default value is empty string, which will not change the default timezone (usually UTC)

node_ntp_enabled

name: node_ntp_enabled, type: bool, level: C

enable chronyd time sync service?

default value is true, and thus Pigsty will override the node’s /etc/chrony.conf by with node_ntp_servers.

If you already a NTP server configured, just set to false to leave it be.

node_ntp_servers

name: node_ntp_servers, type: string[], level: C

ntp servers in /etc/chrony.conf, default value: ["pool pool.ntp.org iburst"]

It only takes effect if node_ntp_enabled is true.

You can use ${admin_ip} to sync time with ntp server on admin node rather than public ntp server.

node_ntp_servers: [ 'pool ${admin_ip} iburst' ]

node_crontab_overwrite

name: node_crontab_overwrite, type: bool, level: C

overwrite or append to /etc/crontab?

default value is true, and pigsty will render records in node_crontab in overwrite mode rather than appending to it.

node_crontab

name: node_crontab, type: string[], level: C

crontab entries in /etc/crontab

default values: []

NODE_VIP

You can bind an optional L2 VIP among one node cluster, which is disabled by default.

L2 VIP can only be used in same L2 LAN, which may incurs extra restrictions on your network topology.

If enabled, You have to manually assign the vip_address and vip_vrid for each node cluster.

It is user’s responsibility to ensure that the address / vrid is unique among the same LAN.

vip_enabled: false                # enable vip on this node cluster?
# vip_address:         [IDENTITY] # node vip address in ipv4 format, required if vip is enabled
# vip_vrid:            [IDENTITY] # required, integer, 1-254, should be unique among same VLAN
vip_role: backup                  # optional, `master/backup`, backup by default, use as init role
vip_preempt: false                # optional, `true/false`, false by default, enable vip preemption
vip_interface: eth0               # node vip network interface to listen, `eth0` by default
vip_dns_suffix: ''                # node vip dns name suffix, empty string by default
vip_exporter_port: 9650           # keepalived exporter listen port, 9650 by default

vip_enabled

name: vip_enabled, type: bool, level: C

enable vip on this node cluster? default value is false, means no L2 VIP is created for this node cluster.

L2 VIP can only be used in same L2 LAN, which may incurs extra restrictions on your network topology.

vip_address

name: vip_address, type: ip, level: C

node vip address in IPv4 format, required if node vip_enabled.

no default value. This parameter must be explicitly assigned and unique in your LAN.

vip_vrid

name: vip_vrid, type: int, level: C

integer, 1-254, should be unique in same VLAN, required if node vip_enabled.

no default value. This parameter must be explicitly assigned and unique in your LAN.

vip_role

name: vip_role, type: enum, level: I

node vip role, could be master or backup, will be used as initial keepalived state.

vip_preempt

name: vip_preempt, type: bool, level: C/I

optional, true/false, false by default, enable vip preemption

default value is false, means no preempt is happening when a backup have higher priority than living master.

vip_interface

name: vip_interface, type: string, level: C/I

node vip network interface to listen, eth0 by default.

It should be the same primary intranet interface of your node, which is the IP address you used in the inventory file.

If your node have different interface, you can override it on instance vars

vip_dns_suffix

name: vip_dns_suffix, type: string, level: C/I

node vip dns name suffix, empty string by default. It will be used as the DNS name of the node VIP.

vip_exporter_port

name: vip_exporter_port, type: port, level: C/I

keepalived exporter listen port, 9650 by default.

HAPROXY

HAProxy is installed on every node by default, exposing services in a NodePort manner.

It is used by PGSQL Service.

haproxy_enabled: true             # enable haproxy on this node?
haproxy_clean: false              # cleanup all existing haproxy config?
haproxy_reload: true              # reload haproxy after config?
haproxy_auth_enabled: true        # enable authentication for haproxy admin page
haproxy_admin_username: admin     # haproxy admin username, `admin` by default
haproxy_admin_password: pigsty    # haproxy admin password, `pigsty` by default
haproxy_exporter_port: 9101       # haproxy admin/exporter port, 9101 by default
haproxy_client_timeout: 24h       # client side connection timeout, 24h by default
haproxy_server_timeout: 24h       # server side connection timeout, 24h by default
haproxy_services: []              # list of haproxy service to be exposed on node

haproxy_enabled

name: haproxy_enabled, type: bool, level: C

enable haproxy on this node?

default value is true

haproxy_clean

name: haproxy_clean, type: bool, level: G/C/A

cleanup all existing haproxy config?

default value is false

haproxy_reload

name: haproxy_reload, type: bool, level: A

reload haproxy after config?

default value is true, it will reload haproxy after config change.

If you wish to check before apply, you can turn off this with cli args and check it.

haproxy_auth_enabled

name: haproxy_auth_enabled, type: bool, level: G

enable authentication for haproxy admin page

default value is true, which will require a http basic auth for admin page.

disable it is not recommended, since your traffic control will be exposed

haproxy_admin_username

name: haproxy_admin_username, type: username, level: G

haproxy admin username, admin by default

haproxy_admin_password

name: haproxy_admin_password, type: password, level: G

haproxy admin password, pigsty by default

PLEASE CHANGE IT IN YOUR PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENT!

haproxy_exporter_port

name: haproxy_exporter_port, type: port, level: C

haproxy admin/exporter port, 9101 by default

haproxy_client_timeout

name: haproxy_client_timeout, type: interval, level: C

client side connection timeout, 24h by default

haproxy_server_timeout

name: haproxy_server_timeout, type: interval, level: C

server side connection timeout, 24h by default

haproxy_services

name: haproxy_services, type: service[], level: C

list of haproxy service to be exposed on node, default values: []

Each element is a service definition, here is an ad hoc haproxy service example:

haproxy_services:                   # list of haproxy service

  # expose pg-test read only replicas
  - name: pg-test-ro                # [REQUIRED] service name, unique
    port: 5440                      # [REQUIRED] service port, unique
    ip: "*"                         # [OPTIONAL] service listen addr, "*" by default
    protocol: tcp                   # [OPTIONAL] service protocol, 'tcp' by default
    balance: leastconn              # [OPTIONAL] load balance algorithm, roundrobin by default (or leastconn)
    maxconn: 20000                  # [OPTIONAL] max allowed front-end connection, 20000 by default
    default: 'inter 3s fastinter 1s downinter 5s rise 3 fall 3 on-marked-down shutdown-sessions slowstart 30s maxconn 3000 maxqueue 128 weight 100'
    options:
      - option httpchk
      - option http-keep-alive
      - http-check send meth OPTIONS uri /read-only
      - http-check expect status 200
    servers:
      - { name: pg-test-1 ,ip: 10.10.10.11 , port: 5432 , options: check port 8008 , backup: true }
      - { name: pg-test-2 ,ip: 10.10.10.12 , port: 5432 , options: check port 8008 }
      - { name: pg-test-3 ,ip: 10.10.10.13 , port: 5432 , options: check port 8008 }

It will be rendered to /etc/haproxy/<service.name>.cfg and take effect after reload.

NODE_EXPORTER

node_exporter_enabled: true       # setup node_exporter on this node?
node_exporter_port: 9100          # node exporter listen port, 9100 by default
node_exporter_options: '--no-collector.softnet --no-collector.nvme --collector.tcpstat --collector.processes'

node_exporter_enabled

name: node_exporter_enabled, type: bool, level: C

setup node_exporter on this node? default value is true

node_exporter_port

name: node_exporter_port, type: port, level: C

node exporter listen port, 9100 by default

node_exporter_options

name: node_exporter_options, type: arg, level: C

extra server options for node_exporter, default value: --no-collector.softnet --no-collector.nvme --collector.tcpstat --collector.processes

Pigsty enables tcpstat, processes collectors and and disable nvme, softnet metrics collectors by default.

PROMTAIL

Promtail will collect logs from other modules, and send them to LOKI

  • INFRA: Infra logs, collected only on infra nodes.

    • nginx-access: /var/log/nginx/access.log
    • nginx-error: /var/log/nginx/error.log
    • grafana: /var/log/grafana/grafana.log

  • NODES: Host node logs, collected on all nodes.

    • syslog: /var/log/messages
    • dmesg: /var/log/dmesg
    • cron: /var/log/cron

  • PGSQL: PostgreSQL logs, collected when a node is defined with pg_cluster.

    • postgres: /pg/log/postgres/*
    • patroni: /pg/log/patroni.log
    • pgbouncer: /pg/log/pgbouncer/pgbouncer.log
    • pgbackrest: /pg/log/pgbackrest/*.log

  • REDIS: Redis logs, collected when a node is defined with redis_cluster.

    • redis: /var/log/redis/*.log

Log directory are customizable according to pg_log_dir, patroni_log_dir, pgbouncer_log_dir, pgbackrest_log_dir

promtail_enabled: true            # enable promtail logging collector?
promtail_clean: false             # purge existing promtail status file during init?
promtail_port: 9080               # promtail listen port, 9080 by default
promtail_positions: /var/log/positions.yaml # promtail position status file path

promtail_enabled

name: promtail_enabled, type: bool, level: C

enable promtail logging collector?

default value is true

promtail_clean

name: promtail_clean, type: bool, level: G/A

purge existing promtail status file during init?

default value is false, if you choose to clean, Pigsty will remove the existing state file defined by promtail_positions which means that Promtail will recollect all logs on the current node and send them to Loki again.

promtail_port

name: promtail_port, type: port, level: C

promtail listen port, 9080 by default

default values: 9080

promtail_positions

name: promtail_positions, type: path, level: C

promtail position status file path

default values: /var/log/positions.yaml

Promtail records the consumption offsets of all logs, which are periodically written to the file specified by promtail_positions.

DOCKER

You can install docker on nodes with docker.yml

docker_enabled: false             # enable docker on this node?
docker_cgroups_driver: systemd    # docker cgroup fs driver: cgroupfs,systemd
docker_registry_mirrors: []       # docker registry mirror list
docker_image: []                  # docker image to be pulled after bootstrap
docker_image_cache: /tmp/docker/*.tgz # docker image cache file/glob, `/tmp/docker/*.tgz` by default

docker_enabled

name: docker_enabled, type: bool, level: G/C/I

enable docker on this node? default value is false

docker_cgroups_driver

name: docker_cgroups_driver, type: enum, level: G/C/I

docker cgroup fs driver, could be cgroupfs or systemd, default values: systemd

docker_registry_mirrors

name: docker_registry_mirrors, type: string[], level: G/C/I

docker registry mirror list, default values: [], Example:

[ "https://mirror.ccs.tencentyun.com" ]         # tencent cloud mirror, intranet only
["https://registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com"]   # aliyun cloud mirror, login required

docker_image

name: docker_image, type: string[], level: G/C/I

docker image to be pulled, [] by default

Image listed here will be pulled during docker provisioning.

docker_image_cache

name: docker_image_cache, type: path, level: G/C/I

docker image cache tarball glob list, "/tmp/docker/*.tgz" by default.

The local docker image cache with .tgz suffix match this glob list will be loaded into docker one by one:

cat *.tgz | gzip -d -c - | docker load

ETCD

ETCD is a distributed, reliable key-value store for the most critical data of a distributed system, and pigsty use etcd as DCS, Which is critical to PostgreSQL High-Availability.

Pigsty has a hard coded group name etcd for etcd cluster, it can be an existing & external etcd cluster, or a new etcd cluster created by Pigsty with etcd.yml.

#etcd_seq: 1                      # etcd instance identifier, explicitly required
#etcd_cluster: etcd               # etcd cluster & group name, etcd by default
etcd_safeguard: false             # prevent purging running etcd instance?
etcd_clean: true                  # purging existing etcd during initialization?
etcd_data: /data/etcd             # etcd data directory, /data/etcd by default
etcd_port: 2379                   # etcd client port, 2379 by default
etcd_peer_port: 2380              # etcd peer port, 2380 by default
etcd_init: new                    # etcd initial cluster state, new or existing
etcd_election_timeout: 1000       # etcd election timeout, 1000ms by default
etcd_heartbeat_interval: 100      # etcd heartbeat interval, 100ms by default

etcd_seq

name: etcd_seq, type: int, level: I

etcd instance identifier, REQUIRED

no default value, you have to specify it explicitly. Here is a 3-node etcd cluster example:

etcd: # dcs service for postgres/patroni ha consensus
  hosts:  # 1 node for testing, 3 or 5 for production
    10.10.10.10: { etcd_seq: 1 }  # etcd_seq required
    10.10.10.11: { etcd_seq: 2 }  # assign from 1 ~ n
    10.10.10.12: { etcd_seq: 3 }  # odd number please
  vars: # cluster level parameter override roles/etcd
    etcd_cluster: etcd  # mark etcd cluster name etcd
    etcd_safeguard: false # safeguard against purging
    etcd_clean: true # purge etcd during init process

etcd_cluster

name: etcd_cluster, type: string, level: C

etcd cluster & group name, etcd by default

default values: etcd, which is a fixed group name, can be useful when you want to use deployed some extra etcd clusters

etcd_safeguard

name: etcd_safeguard, type: bool, level: G/C/A

prevent purging running etcd instance? default value is false

If enabled, running etcd instance will not be purged by etcd.yml playbook.

etcd_clean

name: etcd_clean, type: bool, level: G/C/A

purging existing etcd during initialization? default value is true

If enabled, running etcd instance will be purged by etcd.yml playbook, which makes the playbook fully idempotent.

But if etcd_safeguard is enabled, it will still abort on any running etcd instance.

etcd_data

name: etcd_data, type: path, level: C

etcd data directory, /data/etcd by default

etcd_port

name: etcd_port, type: port, level: C

etcd client port, 2379 by default

etcd_peer_port

name: etcd_peer_port, type: port, level: C

etcd peer port, 2380 by default

etcd_init

name: etcd_init, type: enum, level: C

etcd initial cluster state, new or existing

default values: new, which will create a standalone new etcd cluster.

The value existing is used when trying to add new member to existing etcd cluster.

etcd_election_timeout

name: etcd_election_timeout, type: int, level: C

etcd election timeout, 1000 (ms) by default

etcd_heartbeat_interval

name: etcd_heartbeat_interval, type: int, level: C

etcd heartbeat interval, 100 (ms) by default

MINIO

Minio is a S3 compatible object storage service. Which is used as an optional central backup storage repo for PostgreSQL.

But you can use it for other purpose, such as storing large files, document, pictures & videos.

#minio_seq: 1                     # minio instance identifier, REQUIRED
minio_cluster: minio              # minio cluster name, minio by default
minio_clean: false                # cleanup minio during init?, false by default
minio_user: minio                 # minio os user, `minio` by default
minio_node: '${minio_cluster}-${minio_seq}.pigsty' # minio node name pattern
minio_data: '/data/minio'         # minio data dir(s), use {x...y} to specify multi drivers
minio_domain: sss.pigsty          # minio external domain name, `sss.pigsty` by default
minio_port: 9000                  # minio service port, 9000 by default
minio_admin_port: 9001            # minio console port, 9001 by default
minio_access_key: minioadmin      # root access key, `minioadmin` by default
minio_secret_key: minioadmin      # root secret key, `minioadmin` by default
minio_extra_vars: ''              # extra environment variables
minio_alias: sss                  # alias name for local minio deployment
minio_buckets: [ { name: pgsql }, { name: infra },  { name: redis } ]
minio_users:
  - { access_key: dba , secret_key: S3User.DBA, policy: consoleAdmin }
  - { access_key: pgbackrest , secret_key: S3User.Backup, policy: readwrite }

minio_seq

name: minio_seq, type: int, level: I

minio instance identifier, REQUIRED identity parameters. no default value, you have to assign it manually

minio_cluster

name: minio_cluster, type: string, level: C

minio cluster name, minio by default. This is useful when deploying multiple MinIO clusters

minio_clean

name: minio_clean, type: bool, level: G/C/A

cleanup minio during init?, false by default

minio_user

name: minio_user, type: username, level: C

minio os user name, minio by default

minio_node

name: minio_node, type: string, level: C

minio node name pattern, this is used for multi-node deployment

default values: ${minio_cluster}-${minio_seq}.pigsty

minio_data

name: minio_data, type: path, level: C

minio data dir(s)

default values: /data/minio, which is a common dir for single-node deployment.

For a multi-drive deployment, you can use {x...y} notion to specify multi drivers.

minio_domain

name: minio_domain, type: string, level: G

minio service domain name, sss.pigsty by default.

The client can access minio S3 service via this domain name. This name will be registered to local DNSMASQ and included in SSL certs.

minio_port

name: minio_port, type: port, level: C

minio service port, 9000 by default

minio_admin_port

name: minio_admin_port, type: port, level: C

minio console port, 9001 by default

minio_access_key

name: minio_access_key, type: username, level: C

root access key, minioadmin by default

minio_secret_key

name: minio_secret_key, type: password, level: C

root secret key, minioadmin by default

default values: minioadmin

PLEASE CHANGE THIS IN YOUR DEPLOYMENT

minio_extra_vars

name: minio_extra_vars, type: string, level: C

extra environment variables for minio server. Check Minio Server for the complete list.

default value is empty string, you can use multiline string to passing multiple environment variables.

minio_alias

name: minio_alias, type: string, level: G

MinIO alias name for the local MinIO cluster

default values: sss, which will be written to infra nodes’ / admin users’ client alias profile.

minio_buckets

name: minio_buckets, type: bucket[], level: C

list of minio bucket to be created by default:

minio_buckets: [ { name: pgsql }, { name: infra },  { name: redis } ]

Three default buckets are created for module PGSQL, INFRA, and REDIS

minio_users

name: minio_users, type: user[], level: C

list of minio user to be created, default value:

minio_users:
  - { access_key: dba , secret_key: S3User.DBA, policy: consoleAdmin }
  - { access_key: pgbackrest , secret_key: S3User.Backup, policy: readwrite }

Two default users are created for PostgreSQL DBA and pgBackREST.

PLEASE ADJUST THESE USERS & CREDENTIALS IN YOUR DEPLOYMENT!

REDIS

#redis_cluster:        <CLUSTER> # redis cluster name, required identity parameter
#redis_node: 1            <NODE> # redis node sequence number, node int id required
#redis_instances: {}      <NODE> # redis instances definition on this redis node
redis_fs_main: /data              # redis main data mountpoint, `/data` by default
redis_exporter_enabled: true      # install redis exporter on redis nodes?
redis_exporter_port: 9121         # redis exporter listen port, 9121 by default
redis_exporter_options: ''        # cli args and extra options for redis exporter
redis_safeguard: false            # prevent purging running redis instance?
redis_clean: true                 # purging existing redis during init?
redis_rmdata: true                # remove redis data when purging redis server?
redis_mode: standalone            # redis mode: standalone,cluster,sentinel
redis_conf: redis.conf            # redis config template path, except sentinel
redis_bind_address: '0.0.0.0'     # redis bind address, empty string will use host ip
redis_max_memory: 1GB             # max memory used by each redis instance
redis_mem_policy: allkeys-lru     # redis memory eviction policy
redis_password: ''                # redis password, empty string will disable password
redis_rdb_save: ['1200 1']        # redis rdb save directives, disable with empty list
redis_aof_enabled: false          # enable redis append only file?
redis_rename_commands: {}         # rename redis dangerous commands
redis_cluster_replicas: 1         # replica number for one master in redis cluster
redis_sentinel_monitor: []        # sentinel master list, works on sentinel cluster only

redis_cluster

name: redis_cluster, type: string, level: C

redis cluster name, required identity parameter.

no default value, you have to define it explicitly.

Comply with regexp [a-z][a-z0-9-]*, it is recommended to use the same name as the group name and start with redis-

redis_node

name: redis_node, type: int, level: I

redis node sequence number, unique integer among redis cluster is required

You have to explicitly define the node id for each redis node. integer start from 0 or 1.

redis_instances

name: redis_instances, type: dict, level: I

redis instances definition on this redis node

no default value, you have to define redis instances on each redis node using this parameter explicitly.

Here is an example for a native redis cluster definition

redis-test: # redis native cluster: 3m x 3s
  hosts:
    10.10.10.12: { redis_node: 1 ,redis_instances: { 6379: { } ,6380: { } ,6381: { } } }
    10.10.10.13: { redis_node: 2 ,redis_instances: { 6379: { } ,6380: { } ,6381: { } } }
  vars: { redis_cluster: redis-test ,redis_password: 'redis.test' ,redis_mode: cluster, redis_max_memory: 32MB }

The port number should be unique among the node, and the replica_of in value should be instance member of the same redis cluster.

redis_instances:
    6379: {}
    6380: { replica_of: '10.10.10.13 6379' }
    6381: { replica_of: '10.10.10.13 6379' }

redis_fs_main

name: redis_fs_main, type: path, level: C

redis main data mountpoint, /data by default

default values: /data, and /data/redis will be used as the redis data directory.

redis_exporter_enabled

name: redis_exporter_enabled, type: bool, level: C

install redis exporter on redis nodes?

default value is true, which will launch a redis_exporter on this redis_node

redis_exporter_port

name: redis_exporter_port, type: port, level: C

redis exporter listen port, 9121 by default

default values: 9121

redis_exporter_options

name: redis_exporter_options, type: string, level: C/I

cli args and extra options for redis exporter, will be added to /etc/defaut/redis_exporter.

default value is empty string

redis_safeguard

name: redis_safeguard, type: bool, level: G/C/A

prevent purging running redis instance?

default value is false, if set to true, and redis instance is running, init / remove playbook will abort immediately.

redis_clean

name: redis_clean, type: bool, level: G/C/A

purging existing redis during init?

default value is true, which will remove redis server during redis init or remove.

redis_rmdata

name: redis_rmdata, type: bool, level: G/C/A

remove redis data when purging redis server?

default value is true, which will remove redis rdb / aof along with redis instance.

redis_mode

name: redis_mode, type: enum, level: C

redis mode: standalone,cluster,sentinel

default values: standalone

  • standalone: setup redis as standalone (master-slave) mode
  • cluster: setup this redis cluster as a redis native cluster
  • sentinel: setup redis as sentinel for standalone redis HA

redis_conf

name: redis_conf, type: string, level: C

redis config template path, except sentinel

default values: redis.conf, which is a template file in roles/redis/templates/redis.conf.

If you want to use your own redis config template, you can put it in templates/ directory and set this parameter to the template file name.

Note that redis sentinel are using a different template file, which is roles/redis/templates/redis-sentinel.conf

redis_bind_address

name: redis_bind_address, type: ip, level: C

redis bind address, empty string will use inventory hostname

default values: 0.0.0.0, which will bind to all available IPv4 address on this host

PLEASE bind to intranet IP only in production environment, i.e. set this value to ''

redis_max_memory

name: redis_max_memory, type: size, level: C/I

max memory used by each redis instance, default values: 1GB

redis_mem_policy

name: redis_mem_policy, type: enum, level: C

redis memory eviction policy

default values: allkeys-lru, check redis eviction policy for more details

  • noeviction: New values aren’t saved when memory limit is reached. When a database uses replication, this applies to the primary database
  • allkeys-lru: Keeps most recently used keys; removes least recently used (LRU) keys
  • allkeys-lfu: Keeps frequently used keys; removes least frequently used (LFU) keys
  • volatile-lru: Removes least recently used keys with the expire field set to true.
  • volatile-lfu: Removes least frequently used keys with the expire field set to true.
  • allkeys-random: Randomly removes keys to make space for the new data added.
  • volatile-random: Randomly removes keys with expire field set to true.
  • volatile-ttl: Removes keys with expire field set to true and the shortest remaining time-to-live (TTL) value.

redis_password

name: redis_password, type: password, level: C/N

redis password, empty string will disable password, which is the default behavior

Note that due to the implementation limitation of redis_exporter, you can only set one redis_password per node. This is usually not a problem, because pigsty does not allow deploying two different redis cluster on the same node.

PLEASE use a strong password in production environment

redis_rdb_save

name: redis_rdb_save, type: string[], level: C

redis rdb save directives, disable with empty list, check redis persist for details.

the default value is ["1200 1"]: dump the dataset to disk every 20 minutes if at least 1 key changed:

redis_aof_enabled

name: redis_aof_enabled, type: bool, level: C

enable redis append only file? default value is false.

redis_rename_commands

name: redis_rename_commands, type: dict, level: C

rename redis dangerous commands, which is a dict of k:v old: new

default values: {}, you can hide dangerous commands like FLUSHDB and FLUSHALL by setting this value, here’s an example:

{
  "keys": "op_keys",
  "flushdb": "op_flushdb",
  "flushall": "op_flushall",
  "config": "op_config"  
}

redis_cluster_replicas

name: redis_cluster_replicas, type: int, level: C

replica number for one master/primary in redis cluster, default values: 1

redis_sentinel_monitor

name: redis_sentinel_monitor, type: master[], level: C

This can only be used when redis_mode is set to sentinel.

List of redis master to be monitored by this sentinel cluster. each master is defined as a dict with name, host, port, password, quorum keys.

redis_sentinel_monitor:  # primary list for redis sentinel, use cls as name, primary ip:port
  - { name: redis-src, host: 10.10.10.45, port: 6379 ,password: redis.src, quorum: 1 }
  - { name: redis-dst, host: 10.10.10.48, port: 6379 ,password: redis.dst, quorum: 1 }

The name and host are mandatory, port, password, quorum are optional, quorum is used to set the quorum for this master, usually large than half of the sentinel instances.

PGSQL

PGSQL module requires NODE module to be installed, and you also need a viable ETCD cluster to store cluster meta data.

Install PGSQL module on a single node will create a primary instance which a standalone PGSQL server/instance. Install it on additional nodes will create replicas, which can be used for serving read-only traffics, or use as standby backup. You can also create offline instance of ETL/OLAP/Interactive queries, use Sync Standby and Quorum Commit to increase data consistency, or even form a standby cluster and delayed standby cluster for disaster recovery.

You can define multiple PGSQL clusters and form a horizontal sharding cluster, which is a group of PGSQL clusters running on different nodes. Pigsty has native citus cluster group support, which can extend your PGSQL cluster to a distributed database sharding cluster.

PG_ID

Here are some common parameters used to identify PGSQL entities: instance, service, etc…

# pg_cluster:           #CLUSTER  # pgsql cluster name, required identity parameter
# pg_seq: 0             #INSTANCE # pgsql instance seq number, required identity parameter
# pg_role: replica      #INSTANCE # pgsql role, required, could be primary,replica,offline
# pg_instances: {}      #INSTANCE # define multiple pg instances on node in `{port:ins_vars}` format
# pg_upstream:          #INSTANCE # repl upstream ip addr for standby cluster or cascade replica
# pg_shard:             #CLUSTER  # pgsql shard name, optional identity for sharding clusters
# pg_group: 0           #CLUSTER  # pgsql shard index number, optional identity for sharding clusters
# gp_role: master       #CLUSTER  # greenplum role of this cluster, could be master or segment
pg_offline_query: false #INSTANCE # set to true to enable offline query on this instance

You have to assign these identity parameters explicitly, there’s no default value for them.

Name Type Level Description
pg_cluster string C PG database cluster name
pg_seq number I PG database instance id
pg_role enum I PG database instance role
pg_shard string C PG database shard name of cluster
pg_group number C PG database shard index of cluster
  • pg_cluster: It identifies the name of the cluster, which is configured at the cluster level.
  • pg_role: Configured at the instance level, identifies the role of the ins. Only the primary role will be handled specially. If not filled in, the default is the replica role and the special delayed and offline roles.
  • pg_seq: Used to identify the ins within the cluster, usually with an integer number incremented from 0 or 1, which is not changed once it is assigned.
  • {{ pg_cluster }}-{{ pg_seq }} is used to uniquely identify the ins, i.e. pg_instance.
  • {{ pg_cluster }}-{{ pg_role }} is used to identify the services within the cluster, i.e. pg_service.
  • pg_shard and pg_group are used for horizontally sharding clusters, for citus, greenplum, and matrixdb only.

pg_cluster, pg_role, pg_seq are core identity params, which are required for any Postgres cluster, and must be explicitly specified. Here’s an example:

pg-test:
  hosts:
    10.10.10.11: {pg_seq: 1, pg_role: replica}
    10.10.10.12: {pg_seq: 2, pg_role: primary}
    10.10.10.13: {pg_seq: 3, pg_role: replica}
  vars:
    pg_cluster: pg-test

All other params can be inherited from the global config or the default config, but the identity params must be explicitly specified and manually assigned.

pg_mode

name: pg_mode, type: enum, level: C

pgsql cluster mode, pgsql by default, i.e. standard PostgreSQL cluster.

  • pgsql: Standard PostgreSQL cluster, default value.
  • citus: Horizontal sharding cluster with citus extension.
  • mssql: Babelfish MSSQL wire protocol compatible kernel.
  • ivory: IvorySQL Oracle compatible kernel.
  • polar: PolarDB for PostgreSQL kernel.
  • oracle: PolarDB for Oracle kernel.
  • gpsql: Greenplum / Cloudberry

If pg_mode is set to citus or gpsql, pg_shard and pg_group will be required for horizontal sharding clusters.

pg_cluster

name: pg_cluster, type: string, level: C

pgsql cluster name, REQUIRED identity parameter

The cluster name will be used as the namespace for PGSQL related resources within that cluster.

The naming needs to follow the specific naming pattern: [a-z][a-z0-9-]* to be compatible with the requirements of different constraints on the identity.

pg_seq

name: pg_seq, type: int, level: I

pgsql instance seq number, REQUIRED identity parameter

A serial number of this instance, unique within its cluster, starting from 0 or 1.

pg_role

name: pg_role, type: enum, level: I

pgsql role, REQUIRED, could be primary,replica,offline

Roles for PGSQL instance, can be: primary, replica, standby or offline.

  • primary: Primary, there is one and only one primary in a cluster.
  • replica: Replica for carrying online read-only traffic, there may be a slight replication delay through (10ms~100ms, 100KB).
  • standby: Special replica that is always synced with primary, there’s no replication delay & data loss on this replica. (currently same as replica)
  • offline: Offline replica for taking on offline read-only traffic, such as statistical analysis/ETL/personal queries, etc.

Identity params, required params, and instance-level params.

pg_instances

name: pg_instances, type: dict, level: I

define multiple pg instances on node in {port:ins_vars} format.

This parameter is reserved for multi-instance deployment on a single node which is not implemented in Pigsty yet.

pg_upstream

name: pg_upstream, type: ip, level: I

Upstream ip address for standby cluster or cascade replica

Setting pg_upstream is set on primary instance indicate that this cluster is a Standby Cluster, and will receiving changes from upstream instance, thus the primary is actually a standby leader.

Setting pg_upstream for a non-primary instance will explicitly set a replication upstream instance, if it is different from the primary ip addr, this instance will become a cascade replica. And it’s user’s responsibility to ensure that the upstream IP addr is another instance in the same cluster.

pg_shard

name: pg_shard, type: string, level: C

pgsql shard name, required identity parameter for sharding clusters (e.g. citus cluster), optional for common pgsql clusters.

When multiple pgsql clusters serve the same business together in a horizontally sharding style, Pigsty will mark this group of clusters as a Sharding Group.

pg_shard is the name of the shard group name. It’s usually the prefix of pg_cluster.

For example, if we have a sharding group pg-citus, and 4 clusters in it, there identity params will be:

cls pg_shard: pg-citus
cls pg_group = 0:   pg-citus0
cls pg_group = 1:   pg-citus1
cls pg_group = 2:   pg-citus2
cls pg_group = 3:   pg-citus3

pg_group

name: pg_group, type: int, level: C

pgsql shard index number, required identity for sharding clusters, optional for common pgsql clusters.

Sharding cluster index of sharding group, used in pair with pg_shard. You can use any non-negative integer as the index number.

gp_role

name: gp_role, type: enum, level: C

greenplum/matrixdb role of this cluster, could be master or segment

  • master: mark the postgres cluster as greenplum master, which is the default value
  • segment mark the postgres cluster as greenplum segment

This parameter is only used for greenplum/matrixdb database, and is ignored for common pgsql cluster.

pg_exporters

name: pg_exporters, type: dict, level: C

additional pg_exporters to monitor remote postgres instances, default values: {}

If you wish to monitoring remote postgres instances, define them in pg_exporters and load them with pgsql-monitor.yml playbook.

pg_exporters: # list all remote instances here, alloc a unique unused local port as k
    20001: { pg_cluster: pg-foo, pg_seq: 1, pg_host: 10.10.10.10 }
    20004: { pg_cluster: pg-foo, pg_seq: 2, pg_host: 10.10.10.11 }
    20002: { pg_cluster: pg-bar, pg_seq: 1, pg_host: 10.10.10.12 }
    20003: { pg_cluster: pg-bar, pg_seq: 1, pg_host: 10.10.10.13 }

Check PGSQL Monitoring for details.

pg_offline_query

name: pg_offline_query, type: bool, level: I

set to true to enable offline query on this instance

default value is false

When set to true, the user group dbrole_offline can connect to the ins and perform offline queries, regardless of the role of the current instance, just like a offline instance.

If you just have one replica or even one primary in your postgres cluster, adding this could mark it for accepting ETL, slow queries with interactive access.

PG_BUSINESS

Database credentials, In-Database Objects that need to be taken care of by Users.

Default Database Users:

WARNING: YOU HAVE TO CHANGE THESE DEFAULT PASSWORDs in production environment.

# postgres business object definition, overwrite in group vars
pg_users: []                      # postgres business users
pg_databases: []                  # postgres business databases
pg_services: []                   # postgres business services
pg_hba_rules: []                  # business hba rules for postgres
pgb_hba_rules: []                 # business hba rules for pgbouncer
# global credentials, overwrite in global vars
pg_dbsu_password: ''              # dbsu password, empty string means no dbsu password by default
pg_replication_username: replicator
pg_replication_password: DBUser.Replicator
pg_admin_username: dbuser_dba
pg_admin_password: DBUser.DBA
pg_monitor_username: dbuser_monitor
pg_monitor_password: DBUser.Monitor

pg_users

name: pg_users, type: user[], level: C

postgres business users, has to be defined at cluster level.

default values: [], each object in the array defines a User/Role. Examples:

- name: dbuser_meta               # REQUIRED, `name` is the only mandatory field of a user definition
  password: DBUser.Meta           # optional, password, can be a scram-sha-256 hash string or plain text
  login: true                     # optional, can log in, true by default  (new biz ROLE should be false)
  superuser: false                # optional, is superuser? false by default
  createdb: false                 # optional, can create database? false by default
  createrole: false               # optional, can create role? false by default
  inherit: true                   # optional, can this role use inherited privileges? true by default
  replication: false              # optional, can this role do replication? false by default
  bypassrls: false                # optional, can this role bypass row level security? false by default
  pgbouncer: true                 # optional, add this user to pgbouncer user-list? false by default (production user should be true explicitly)
  connlimit: -1                   # optional, user connection limit, default -1 disable limit
  expire_in: 3650                 # optional, now + n days when this role is expired (OVERWRITE expire_at)
  expire_at: '2030-12-31'         # optional, YYYY-MM-DD 'timestamp' when this role is expired  (OVERWRITTEN by expire_in)
  comment: pigsty admin user      # optional, comment string for this user/role
  roles: [dbrole_admin]           # optional, belonged roles. default roles are: dbrole_{admin,readonly,readwrite,offline}
  parameters: {}                  # optional, role level parameters with `ALTER ROLE SET`
  pool_mode: transaction          # optional, pgbouncer pool mode at user level, transaction by default
  pool_connlimit: -1              # optional, max database connections at user level, default -1 disable limit
  search_path: public             # key value config parameters according to postgresql documentation (e.g: use pigsty as default search_path)

The only mandatory field of a user definition is name, and the rest are optional.

pg_databases

name: pg_databases, type: database[], level: C

postgres business databases, has to be defined at cluster level.

default values: [], each object in the array defines a Database. Examples:

- name: meta                      # REQUIRED, `name` is the only mandatory field of a database definition
  baseline: cmdb.sql              # optional, database sql baseline path, (relative path among ansible search path, e.g files/)
  pgbouncer: true                 # optional, add this database to pgbouncer database list? true by default
  schemas: [pigsty]               # optional, additional schemas to be created, array of schema names
  extensions:                     # optional, additional extensions to be installed: array of `{name[,schema]}`
    - { name: postgis , schema: public }
    - { name: timescaledb }
  comment: pigsty meta database   # optional, comment string for this database
  owner: postgres                 # optional, database owner, postgres by default
  template: template1             # optional, which template to use, template1 by default
  encoding: UTF8                  # optional, database encoding, UTF8 by default. (MUST same as template database)
  locale: C                       # optional, database locale, C by default.  (MUST same as template database)
  lc_collate: C                   # optional, database collate, C by default. (MUST same as template database)
  lc_ctype: C                     # optional, database ctype, C by default.   (MUST same as template database)
  tablespace: pg_default          # optional, default tablespace, 'pg_default' by default.
  allowconn: true                 # optional, allow connection, true by default. false will disable connect at all
  revokeconn: false               # optional, revoke public connection privilege. false by default. (leave connect with grant option to owner)
  register_datasource: true       # optional, register this database to grafana datasources? true by default
  connlimit: -1                   # optional, database connection limit, default -1 disable limit
  pool_auth_user: dbuser_meta     # optional, all connection to this pgbouncer database will be authenticated by this user
  pool_mode: transaction          # optional, pgbouncer pool mode at database level, default transaction
  pool_size: 64                   # optional, pgbouncer pool size at database level, default 64
  pool_size_reserve: 32           # optional, pgbouncer pool size reserve at database level, default 32
  pool_size_min: 0                # optional, pgbouncer pool size min at database level, default 0
  pool_max_db_conn: 100           # optional, max database connections at database level, default 100

In each database definition, the DB name is mandatory and the rest are optional.

pg_services

name: pg_services, type: service[], level: C

postgres business services exposed via haproxy, has to be defined at cluster level.

You can define ad hoc services with pg_services in additional to default pg_default_services

default values: [], each object in the array defines a Service. Examples:

- name: standby                   # required, service name, the actual svc name will be prefixed with `pg_cluster`, e.g: pg-meta-standby
  port: 5435                      # required, service exposed port (work as kubernetes service node port mode)
  ip: "*"                         # optional, service bind ip address, `*` for all ip by default
  selector: "[]"                  # required, service member selector, use JMESPath to filter inventory
  dest: default                   # optional, destination port, default|postgres|pgbouncer|<port_number>, 'default' by default
  check: /sync                    # optional, health check url path, / by default
  backup: "[? pg_role == `primary`]"  # backup server selector
  maxconn: 3000                   # optional, max allowed front-end connection
  balance: roundrobin             # optional, haproxy load balance algorithm (roundrobin by default, other: leastconn)
  options: 'inter 3s fastinter 1s downinter 5s rise 3 fall 3 on-marked-down shutdown-sessions slowstart 30s maxconn 3000 maxqueue 128 weight 100'

pg_hba_rules

name: pg_hba_rules, type: hba[], level: C

business hba rules for postgres

default values: [], each object in array is an HBA Rule definition:

Which are array of hba object, each hba object may look like

# RAW HBA RULES
- title: allow intranet password access
  role: common
  rules:
    - host   all  all  10.0.0.0/8      md5
    - host   all  all  172.16.0.0/12   md5
    - host   all  all  192.168.0.0/16  md5
  • title: Rule Title, transform into comment in hba file
  • rules: Array of strings, each string is a raw hba rule record
  • role: Applied roles, where to install these hba rules
    • common: apply for all instances
    • primary, replica,standby, offline: apply on corresponding instances with that pg_role.
    • special case: HBA rule with role == 'offline' will be installed on instance with pg_offline_query flag

or you can use another alias form

- addr: 'intra'    # world|intra|infra|admin|local|localhost|cluster|<cidr>
  auth: 'pwd'      # trust|pwd|ssl|cert|deny|<official auth method>
  user: 'all'      # all|${dbsu}|${repl}|${admin}|${monitor}|<user>|<group>
  db: 'all'        # all|replication|....
  rules: []        # raw hba string precedence over above all
  title: allow intranet password access

pg_default_hba_rules is similar to this, but is used for global HBA rule settings

pgb_hba_rules

name: pgb_hba_rules, type: hba[], level: C

business hba rules for pgbouncer, default values: []

Similar to pg_hba_rules, array of hba rule object, except this is for pgbouncer.

pg_replication_username

name: pg_replication_username, type: username, level: G

postgres replication username, replicator by default

This parameter is globally used, it not wise to change it.

pg_replication_password

name: pg_replication_password, type: password, level: G

postgres replication password, DBUser.Replicator by default

WARNING: CHANGE THIS IN PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENT!!!!

pg_admin_username

name: pg_admin_username, type: username, level: G

postgres admin username, dbuser_dba by default, which is a global postgres superuser.

default values: dbuser_dba

pg_admin_password

name: pg_admin_password, type: password, level: G

postgres admin password in plain text, DBUser.DBA by default

WARNING: CHANGE THIS IN PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENT!!!!

pg_monitor_username

name: pg_monitor_username, type: username, level: G

postgres monitor username, dbuser_monitor by default, which is a global monitoring user.

pg_monitor_password

name: pg_monitor_password, type: password, level: G

postgres monitor password, DBUser.Monitor by default.

Try not using the @:/ character in the password to avoid problems with PGURL string.

WARNING: CHANGE THIS IN PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENT!!!!

pg_dbsu_password

name: pg_dbsu_password, type: password, level: G/C

PostgreSQL dbsu password for pg_dbsu, empty string means no dbsu password, which is the default behavior.

WARNING: It’s not recommend to set a dbsu password for common PGSQL clusters, except for pg_mode = citus.

PG_INSTALL

This section is responsible for installing PostgreSQL & Extensions.

If you wish to install a different major version, just make sure repo packages exists and overwrite pg_version on cluster level.

To install extra extensions, overwrite pg_extensions on cluster level. Beware that not all extensions are available with other major versions.

pg_dbsu: postgres                 # os dbsu name, postgres by default, better not change it
pg_dbsu_uid: 26                   # os dbsu uid and gid, 26 for default postgres users and groups
pg_dbsu_sudo: limit               # dbsu sudo privilege, none,limit,all,nopass. limit by default
pg_dbsu_home: /var/lib/pgsql      # postgresql home directory, `/var/lib/pgsql` by default
pg_dbsu_ssh_exchange: true        # exchange postgres dbsu ssh key among same pgsql cluster
pg_version: 16                    # postgres major version to be installed, 16 by default
pg_bin_dir: /usr/pgsql/bin        # postgres binary dir, `/usr/pgsql/bin` by default
pg_log_dir: /pg/log/postgres      # postgres log dir, `/pg/log/postgres` by default
pg_packages:                      # pg packages to be installed, alias can be used
  - postgresql
  - patroni pgbouncer pgbackrest pg_exporter pgbadger vip-manager wal2json pg_repack
pg_extensions:                    # pg extensions to be installed, alias can be used
  - postgis timescaledb pgvector

pg_dbsu

name: pg_dbsu, type: username, level: C

os dbsu name, postgres by default, it’s not wise to change it.

When installing Greenplum / MatrixDB, set this parameter to the corresponding default value: gpadmin|mxadmin.

pg_dbsu_uid

name: pg_dbsu_uid, type: int, level: C

os dbsu uid and gid, 26 for default postgres users and groups, which is consistent with the official pgdg RPM.

For Ubuntu/Debian, there’s no default postgres UID/GID, consider using another ad hoc value, such as 543 instead.

pg_dbsu_sudo

name: pg_dbsu_sudo, type: enum, level: C

dbsu sudo privilege, coud be none, limit ,all ,nopass. limit by default

  • none: No Sudo privilege
  • limit: Limited sudo privilege to execute systemctl commands for database-related components, default.
  • all: Full sudo privilege, password required.
  • nopass: Full sudo privileges without a password (not recommended).

default values: limit, which only allow sudo systemctl <start|stop|reload> <postgres|patroni|pgbouncer|...>

pg_dbsu_home

name: pg_dbsu_home, type: path, level: C

postgresql home directory, /var/lib/pgsql by default, which is consistent with the official pgdg RPM.

pg_dbsu_ssh_exchange

name: pg_dbsu_ssh_exchange, type: bool, level: C

exchange postgres dbsu ssh key among same pgsql cluster?

default value is true, means the dbsu can ssh to each other among the same cluster.

pg_version

name: pg_version, type: enum, level: C

postgres major version to be installed, 15 by default

Note that PostgreSQL physical stream replication cannot cross major versions, so do not configure this on instance level.

You can use the parameters in pg_packages and pg_extensions to install rpms for the specific pg major version.

pg_bin_dir

name: pg_bin_dir, type: path, level: C

postgres binary dir, /usr/pgsql/bin by default

The default value is a soft link created manually during the installation process, pointing to the specific Postgres version dir installed.

For example /usr/pgsql -> /usr/pgsql-15. For more details, check PGSQL File Structure for details.

pg_log_dir

name: pg_log_dir, type: path, level: C

postgres log dir, /pg/log/postgres by default.

caveat: if pg_log_dir is prefixed with pg_data it will not be created explicit (it will be created by postgres itself then).

pg_packages

name: pg_packages, type: string[], level: C

PG packages to be installed (rpm/deb), this is an array of software package names, each element is a comma or space separated PG software package name.

The default value is the PostgreSQL kernel, as well as patroni, pgbouncer, pg_exporter, … and two important extension pg_repack and wal2json.

pg_packages:                      # pg packages to be installed, alias can be used
  - postgresql
  - patroni pgbouncer pgbackrest pg_exporter pgbadger vip-manager wal2json pg_repack

Starting from Pigsty v3, you can use package aliases specified by pg_package_map in roles/node_id/vars to perform an alias mapping.

The benefit of using package aliases is that you don’t have to worry about the package names, architectures, and major version of PostgreSQL-related packages on different OS platforms, thus sealing off the differences between different OSs.

You can also use the raw package name directly, the ${pg_version} or $v version placeholder in the package name will be replaced with the actual PG major version pg_version.

pg_extensions

name: pg_extensions, type: string[], level: C

PG extensions to be installed (rpm/deb), this is an array of software package names, each element is a comma or space separated PG extension package name.

This parameter is similar to pg_packages, but is usually used to specify the extension to be installed @ global | cluster level, and the software packages specified here will be upgraded to the latest available version.

The default value of this parameter is the three most important extension plugins in the PG extension ecosystem: postgis, timescaledb, pgvector.

pg_extensions:                    # pg extensions to be installed, alias can be used
  - postgis timescaledb pgvector  # replace postgis with postgis33 when using el7

The complete list of extensions can be found in auto generated config, there are EL9 extension list:

pg_extensions: # extensions to be installed on this cluster
  - timescaledb periods temporal_tables emaj table_version pg_cron pg_later pg_background pg_timetable
  - postgis pgrouting pointcloud pg_h3 q3c ogr_fdw geoip #pg_geohash #mobilitydb
  - pgvector pgvectorscale pg_vectorize pg_similarity pg_tiktoken pgml #smlar
  - pg_search pg_bigm zhparser hunspell
  - hydra pg_analytics pg_lakehouse pg_duckdb duckdb_fdw pg_fkpart pg_partman plproxy #pg_strom citus
  - pg_hint_plan age hll rum pg_graphql pg_jsonschema jsquery index_advisor hypopg imgsmlr pg_ivm pgmq pgq #rdkit
  - pg_tle plv8 pllua plprql pldebugger plpgsql_check plprofiler plsh #pljava plr pgtap faker dbt2
  - prefix semver pgunit md5hash asn1oid roaringbitmap pgfaceting pgsphere pg_country pg_currency pgmp numeral pg_rational pguint ip4r timestamp9 chkpass #pg_uri #pgemailaddr #acl #debversion #pg_rrule
  - topn pg_gzip pg_http pg_net pg_html5_email_address pgsql_tweaks pg_extra_time pg_timeit count_distinct extra_window_functions first_last_agg tdigest aggs_for_arrays pg_arraymath pg_idkit pg_uuidv7 permuteseq pg_hashids
  - sequential_uuids pg_math pg_random pg_base36 pg_base62 floatvec pg_financial pgjwt pg_hashlib shacrypt cryptint pg_ecdsa pgpcre icu_ext envvar url_encode #pg_zstd #aggs_for_vecs #quantile #lower_quantile #pgqr #pg_protobuf
  - pg_repack pg_squeeze pg_dirtyread pgfincore pgdd ddlx pg_prioritize pg_checksums pg_readonly safeupdate pg_permissions pgautofailover pg_catcheck preprepare pgcozy pg_orphaned pg_crash pg_cheat_funcs pg_savior table_log pg_fio #pgpool pgagent
  - pg_profile pg_show_plans pg_stat_kcache pg_stat_monitor pg_qualstats pg_store_plans pg_track_settings pg_wait_sampling system_stats pg_meta pgnodemx pg_sqlog bgw_replstatus pgmeminfo toastinfo pagevis powa pg_top #pg_statviz #pgexporter_ext #pg_mon
  - passwordcheck supautils pgsodium pg_vault anonymizer pg_tde pgsmcrypto pgaudit pgauditlogtofile pg_auth_mon credcheck pgcryptokey pg_jobmon logerrors login_hook set_user pg_snakeoil pgextwlist pg_auditor noset #sslutils
  - wrappers multicorn odbc_fdw mysql_fdw tds_fdw sqlite_fdw pgbouncer_fdw mongo_fdw redis_fdw pg_redis_pubsub kafka_fdw hdfs_fdw firebird_fdw aws_s3 log_fdw #oracle_fdw #db2_fdw #jdbc_fdw
  - orafce pgtt session_variable pg_statement_rollback pg_dbms_metadata pg_dbms_lock pgmemcache #pg_dbms_job #wiltondb
  - pglogical pgl_ddl_deploy pg_failover_slots wal2json wal2mongo decoderbufs decoder_raw mimeo pgcopydb pgloader pg_fact_loader pg_bulkload pg_comparator pgimportdoc pgexportdoc #repmgr #slony
  - gis-stack rag-stack fdw-stack fts-stack etl-stack feat-stack olap-stack supa-stack stat-stack json-stack

The full extension list can be found in roles/node_id/vars

PG_BOOTSTRAP

Bootstrap a postgres cluster with patroni, and setup pgbouncer connection pool along with it.

It also init cluster template databases with default roles, schemas & extensions & default privileges specified in PG_PROVISION

pg_safeguard: false               # prevent purging running postgres instance? false by default
pg_clean: true                    # purging existing postgres during pgsql init? true by default
pg_data: /pg/data                 # postgres data directory, `/pg/data` by default
pg_fs_main: /data                 # mountpoint/path for postgres main data, `/data` by default
pg_fs_bkup: /data/backups         # mountpoint/path for pg backup data, `/data/backup` by default
pg_storage_type: SSD              # storage type for pg main data, SSD,HDD, SSD by default
pg_dummy_filesize: 64MiB          # size of `/pg/dummy`, hold 64MB disk space for emergency use
pg_listen: '0.0.0.0'              # postgres/pgbouncer listen addresses, comma separated list
pg_port: 5432                     # postgres listen port, 5432 by default
pg_localhost: /var/run/postgresql # postgres unix socket dir for localhost connection
patroni_enabled: true             # if disabled, no postgres cluster will be created during init
patroni_mode: default             # patroni working mode: default,pause,remove
pg_namespace: /pg                 # top level key namespace in etcd, used by patroni & vip
patroni_port: 8008                # patroni listen port, 8008 by default
patroni_log_dir: /pg/log/patroni  # patroni log dir, `/pg/log/patroni` by default
patroni_ssl_enabled: false        # secure patroni RestAPI communications with SSL?
patroni_watchdog_mode: off        # patroni watchdog mode: automatic,required,off. off by default
patroni_username: postgres        # patroni restapi username, `postgres` by default
patroni_password: Patroni.API     # patroni restapi password, `Patroni.API` by default
pg_primary_db: postgres           # primary database name, used by citus,etc... ,postgres by default
pg_parameters: {}                 # extra parameters in postgresql.auto.conf
pg_files: []                      # extra files to be copied to postgres data directory (e.g. license)
pg_conf: oltp.yml                 # config template: oltp,olap,crit,tiny. `oltp.yml` by default
pg_max_conn: auto                 # postgres max connections, `auto` will use recommended value
pg_shared_buffer_ratio: 0.25      # postgres shared buffers ratio, 0.25 by default, 0.1~0.4
pg_rto: 30                        # recovery time objective in seconds,  `30s` by default
pg_rpo: 1048576                   # recovery point objective in bytes, `1MiB` at most by default
pg_libs: 'pg_stat_statements, auto_explain'  # preloaded libraries, `pg_stat_statements,auto_explain` by default
pg_delay: 0                       # replication apply delay for standby cluster leader
pg_checksum: false                # enable data checksum for postgres cluster?
pg_pwd_enc: scram-sha-256         # passwords encryption algorithm: md5,scram-sha-256
pg_encoding: UTF8                 # database cluster encoding, `UTF8` by default
pg_locale: C                      # database cluster local, `C` by default
pg_lc_collate: C                  # database cluster collate, `C` by default
pg_lc_ctype: en_US.UTF8           # database character type, `en_US.UTF8` by default
pgbouncer_enabled: true           # if disabled, pgbouncer will not be launched on pgsql host
pgbouncer_port: 6432              # pgbouncer listen port, 6432 by default
pgbouncer_log_dir: /pg/log/pgbouncer  # pgbouncer log dir, `/pg/log/pgbouncer` by default
pgbouncer_auth_query: false       # query postgres to retrieve unlisted business users?
pgbouncer_poolmode: transaction   # pooling mode: transaction,session,statement, transaction by default
pgbouncer_sslmode: disable        # pgbouncer client ssl mode, disable by default

pg_safeguard

name: pg_safeguard, type: bool, level: G/C/A

prevent purging running postgres instance? false by default

If enabled, pgsql.yml & pgsql-rm.yml will abort immediately if any postgres instance is running.

pg_clean

name: pg_clean, type: bool, level: G/C/A

purging existing postgres during pgsql init? true by default

default value is true, it will purge existing postgres instance during pgsql.yml init. which makes the playbook idempotent.

if set to false, pgsql.yml will abort if there’s already a running postgres instance. and pgsql-rm.yml will NOT remove postgres data (only stop the server).

pg_data

name: pg_data, type: path, level: C

postgres data directory, /pg/data by default

default values: /pg/data, DO NOT CHANGE IT.

It’s a soft link that point to underlying data directory.

Check PGSQL File Structure for details.

pg_fs_main

name: pg_fs_main, type: path, level: C

mountpoint/path for postgres main data, /data by default

default values: /data, which will be used as parent dir of postgres main data directory: /data/postgres.

It’s recommended to use NVME SSD for postgres main data storage, Pigsty is optimized for SSD storage by default. But HDD is also supported, you can change pg_storage_type to HDD to optimize for HDD storage.

pg_fs_bkup

name: pg_fs_bkup, type: path, level: C

mountpoint/path for pg backup data, /data/backup by default

If you are using the default pgbackrest_method = local, it is recommended to have a separate disk for backup storage.

The backup disk should be large enough to hold all your backups, at least enough for 3 basebackups + 2 days WAL archive. This is usually not a problem since you can use cheap & large HDD for that.

It’s recommended to use a separate disk for backup storage, otherwise pigsty will fall back to the main data disk.

pg_storage_type

name: pg_storage_type, type: enum, level: C

storage type for pg main data, SSD,HDD, SSD by default

default values: SSD, it will affect some tuning parameters, such as random_page_cost & effective_io_concurrency

pg_dummy_filesize

name: pg_dummy_filesize, type: size, level: C

size of /pg/dummy, default values: 64MiB, which hold 64MB disk space for emergency use

When the disk is full, removing the placeholder file can free up some space for emergency use, it is recommended to use at least 8GiB for production use.

pg_listen

name: pg_listen, type: ip, level: C

postgres/pgbouncer listen address, 0.0.0.0 (all ipv4 addr) by default

You can use placeholder in this variable:

  • ${ip}: translate to inventory_hostname, which is primary private IP address in the inventory
  • ${vip}: if pg_vip_enabled, this will translate to host part of pg_vip_address
  • ${lo}: will translate to 127.0.0.1

For example: '${ip},${lo}' or '${ip},${vip},${lo}'.

pg_port

name: pg_port, type: port, level: C

postgres listen port, 5432 by default.

pg_localhost

name: pg_localhost, type: path, level: C

postgres unix socket dir for localhost connection, default values: /var/run/postgresql

The Unix socket dir for PostgreSQL and Pgbouncer local connection, which is used by pg_exporter and patroni.

pg_namespace

name: pg_namespace, type: path, level: C

top level key namespace in etcd, used by patroni & vip, default values is: /pg , and it’s not recommended to change it.

patroni_enabled

name: patroni_enabled, type: bool, level: C

if disabled, no postgres cluster will be created during init

default value is true, If disabled, Pigsty will skip pulling up patroni (thus postgres).

This option is useful when trying to add some components to an existing postgres instance.

patroni_mode

name: patroni_mode, type: enum, level: C

patroni working mode: default, pause, remove

default values: default

  • default: Bootstrap PostgreSQL cluster with Patroni
  • pause: Just like default, but entering maintenance mode after bootstrap
  • remove: Init the cluster with Patroni, them remove Patroni and use raw PostgreSQL instead.

patroni_port

name: patroni_port, type: port, level: C

patroni listen port, 8008 by default, changing it is not recommended.

The Patroni API server listens on this port for health checking & API requests.

patroni_log_dir

name: patroni_log_dir, type: path, level: C

patroni log dir, /pg/log/patroni by default, which will be collected by promtail.

patroni_ssl_enabled

name: patroni_ssl_enabled, type: bool, level: G

Secure patroni RestAPI communications with SSL? default value is false

This parameter is a global flag that can only be set before deployment.

Since if SSL is enabled for patroni, you’ll have to perform healthcheck, metrics scrape and API call with HTTPS instead of HTTP.

patroni_watchdog_mode

name: patroni_watchdog_mode, type: string, level: C

In case of primary failure, patroni can use watchdog to fencing the old primary node to avoid split-brain.

patroni watchdog mode: automatic, required, off:

  • off: not using watchdog. avoid fencing at all. This is the default value.
  • automatic: Enable watchdog if the kernel has softdog module enabled and watchdog is owned by dbsu
  • required: Force watchdog, refuse to start if softdog is not available

default value is off, you should not enable watchdog on infra nodes to avoid fencing.

For those critical systems where data consistency prevails over availability, it is recommended to enable watchdog.

Beware that if all your traffic is accessed via haproxy, there is no risk of brain split at all.

patroni_username

name: patroni_username, type: username, level: C

patroni restapi username, postgres by default, used in pair with patroni_password

Patroni unsafe RESTAPI is protected by username/password by default, check Config Cluster and Patroni RESTAPI for details.

patroni_password

name: patroni_password, type: password, level: C

patroni restapi password, Patroni.API by default

WARNING: CHANGE THIS IN PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENT!!!!

pg_primary_db

name: pg_primary_db, type: string, level: C

primary database name, used by citus,etc… , postgres by default

Patroni 3.0’s native citus will specify a managed database for citus. which is created by patroni itself.

pg_parameters

Parameter Name: pg_parameters, Type: dict, Level: G/C/I

This parameter is used to specify and manage configuration parameters in postgresql.auto.conf.

After all instances in the cluster have completed initialization, the pg_param task will sequentially overwrite the key/value pairs in this dictionary to /pg/data/postgresql.auto.conf.

Note: Please do not manually modify this configuration file, or use ALTER SYSTEM to change cluster configuration parameters. Any changes will be overwritten during the next configuration sync.

This variable has a higher priority than the cluster configuration in Patroni/DCS (i.e., it has a higher priority than the cluster configuration edited by Patroni edit-config). Therefore, it can typically override the cluster default parameters at the instance level.

When your cluster members have different specifications (not recommended!), you can fine-tune the configuration of each instance using this parameter.

pg-test:
  hosts:
    10.10.10.11: { pg_seq: 1, pg_role: primary , pg_parameters: { shared_buffers: '5GB' } }
    10.10.10.12: { pg_seq: 2, pg_role: replica , pg_parameters: { shared_buffers: '4GB' } }
    10.10.10.13: { pg_seq: 3, pg_role: replica , pg_parameters: { shared_buffers: '3GB' } }

Please note that some important cluster parameters (which have requirements for primary and replica parameter values) are managed directly by Patroni through command-line parameters and have the highest priority. These cannot be overridden by this method. For these parameters, you must use Patroni edit-config for management and configuration.

PostgreSQL parameters that must remain consistent across primary and replicas (inconsistency will prevent the replica from starting!):

  • wal_level
  • max_connections
  • max_locks_per_transaction
  • max_worker_processes
  • max_prepared_transactions
  • track_commit_timestamp

Parameters that should ideally remain consistent across primary and replicas (considering the possibility of primary-replica switch):

  • listen_addresses
  • port
  • cluster_name
  • hot_standby
  • wal_log_hints
  • max_wal_senders
  • max_replication_slots
  • wal_keep_segments
  • wal_keep_size

You can set non-existent parameters (such as GUCs from extensions), but changing existing configurations to illegal values may prevent PostgreSQL from starting. Please configure with caution!

pg_files

Parameter Name: pg_files, Type: path[], Level: C

Designates a list of files to be copied to the {{ pg_data }} directory. The default value is an empty array: [].

Files specified in this parameter will be copied to the {{ pg_data }} directory. This is mainly used to distribute license files required by special commercial versions of the PostgreSQL kernel.

Currently, only the PolarDB (Oracle-compatible) kernel requires a license file. For example, you can place the license.lic file in the files/ directory and specify it in pg_files:

pg_files: [ license.lic ]

pg_conf

name: pg_conf, type: enum, level: C

config template: {oltp,olap,crit,tiny}.yml, oltp.yml by default

  • tiny.yml: optimize for tiny nodes, virtual machines, small demo, (1~8Core, 1~16GB)
  • oltp.yml: optimize for OLTP workloads and latency sensitive applications, (4C8GB+), which is the default template
  • olap.yml: optimize for OLAP workloads and throughput (4C8G+)
  • crit.yml: optimize for data consistency and critical applications (4C8G+)

default values: oltp.yml, but configure procedure will set this value to tiny.yml if current node is a tiny node.

You can have your own template, just put it under templates/<mode>.yml and set this value to the template name.

pg_max_conn

name: pg_max_conn, type: int, level: C

postgres max connections, You can specify a value between 50 and 5000, or use auto to use recommended value.

default value is auto, which will set max connections according to the pg_conf and pg_default_service_dest.

  • tiny: 100
  • olap: 200
  • oltp: 200 (pgbouncer) / 1000 (postgres)
    • pg_default_service_dest = pgbouncer : 200
    • pg_default_service_dest = postgres : 1000
  • crit: 200 (pgbouncer) / 1000 (postgres)
    • pg_default_service_dest = pgbouncer : 200
    • pg_default_service_dest = postgres : 1000

It’s not recommended to set this value greater than 5000, otherwise you have to increase the haproxy service connection limit manually as well.

Pgbouncer’s transaction pooling can alleviate the problem of too many OLTP connections, but it’s not recommended to use it in OLAP scenarios.

pg_shared_buffer_ratio

name: pg_shared_buffer_ratio, type: float, level: C

postgres shared buffer memory ratio, 0.25 by default, 0.1~0.4

default values: 0.25, means 25% of node memory will be used as PostgreSQL shard buffers.

Setting this value greater than 0.4 (40%) is usually not a good idea.

Note that shared buffer is only part of shared memory in PostgreSQL, to calculate the total shared memory, use show shared_memory_size_in_huge_pages;.

pg_rto

name: pg_rto, type: int, level: C

recovery time objective in seconds, This will be used as Patroni TTL value, 30s by default.

If a primary instance is missing for such a long time, a new leader election will be triggered.

Decrease the value can reduce the unavailable time (unable to write) of the cluster during failover, but it will make the cluster more sensitive to network jitter, thus increase the chance of false-positive failover.

Config this according to your network condition and expectation to trade-off between chance and impact, the default value is 30s, and it will be populated to the following patroni parameters:

# the TTL to acquire the leader lock (in seconds). Think of it as the length of time before initiation of the automatic failover process. Default value: 30
ttl: {{ pg_rto }}

# the number of seconds the loop will sleep. Default value: 10 , this is patroni check loop interval
loop_wait: {{ (pg_rto / 3)|round(0, 'ceil')|int }}

# timeout for DCS and PostgreSQL operation retries (in seconds). DCS or network issues shorter than this will not cause Patroni to demote the leader. Default value: 10
retry_timeout: {{ (pg_rto / 3)|round(0, 'ceil')|int }}

# the amount of time a primary is allowed to recover from failures before failover is triggered (in seconds), Max RTO: 2 loop wait + primary_start_timeout
primary_start_timeout: {{ (pg_rto / 3)|round(0, 'ceil')|int }}

pg_rpo

name: pg_rpo, type: int, level: C

recovery point objective in bytes, 1MiB at most by default

default values: 1048576, which will tolerate at most 1MiB data loss during failover.

when the primary is down and all replicas are lagged, you have to make a tough choice to trade off between Availability and Consistency:

  • Promote a replica to be the new primary and bring system back online ASAP, with the price of an acceptable data loss (e.g. less than 1MB).
  • Wait for the primary to come back (which may never be) or human intervention to avoid any data loss.

You can use crit.yml conf template to ensure no data loss during failover, but it will sacrifice some performance.

pg_libs

name: pg_libs, type: string, level: C

shared preloaded libraries, pg_stat_statements,auto_explain by default.

They are two extensions that come with PostgreSQL, and it is strongly recommended to enable them.

For existing clusters, you can configure the shared_preload_libraries parameter of the cluster and apply it.

If you want to use TimescaleDB or Citus extensions, you need to add timescaledb or citus to this list. timescaledb and citus should be placed at the top of this list, for example:

citus,timescaledb,pg_stat_statements,auto_explain

Other extensions that need to be loaded can also be added to this list, such as pg_cron, pgml, etc.

Generally, citus and timescaledb have the highest priority and should be added to the top of the list.

pg_delay

name: pg_delay, type: interval, level: I

replication apply delay for standby cluster leader , default values: 0.

if this value is set to a positive value, the standby cluster leader will be delayed for this time before apply WAL changes.

Check delayed standby cluster for details.

pg_checksum

name: pg_checksum, type: bool, level: C

enable data checksum for postgres cluster?, default value is false.

This parameter can only be set before PGSQL deployment. (but you can enable it manually later)

If pg_conf crit.yml template is used, data checksum is always enabled regardless of this parameter to ensure data integrity.

pg_pwd_enc

name: pg_pwd_enc, type: enum, level: C

passwords encryption algorithm: md5,scram-sha-256

default values: scram-sha-256, if you have compatibility issues with old clients, you can set it to md5 instead.

pg_encoding

name: pg_encoding, type: enum, level: C

database cluster encoding, UTF8 by default

pg_locale

name: pg_locale, type: enum, level: C

database cluster local, C by default

pg_lc_collate

name: pg_lc_collate, type: enum, level: C

database cluster collate, C by default, It’s not recommended to change this value unless you know what you are doing.

pg_lc_ctype

name: pg_lc_ctype, type: enum, level: C

database character type, en_US.UTF8 by default

pgbouncer_enabled

name: pgbouncer_enabled, type: bool, level: C

default value is true, if disabled, pgbouncer will not be launched on pgsql host

pgbouncer_port

name: pgbouncer_port, type: port, level: C

pgbouncer listen port, 6432 by default

pgbouncer_log_dir

name: pgbouncer_log_dir, type: path, level: C

pgbouncer log dir, /pg/log/pgbouncer by default, referenced by promtail the logging agent.

pgbouncer_auth_query

name: pgbouncer_auth_query, type: bool, level: C

query postgres to retrieve unlisted business users? default value is false

If enabled, pgbouncer user will be authenticated against postgres database with SELECT username, password FROM monitor.pgbouncer_auth($1), otherwise, only the users with pgbouncer: true will be allowed to connect to pgbouncer.

pgbouncer_poolmode

name: pgbouncer_poolmode, type: enum, level: C

Pgbouncer pooling mode: transaction, session, statement, transaction by default

  • session: Session-level pooling with the best compatibility.
  • transaction: Transaction-level pooling with better performance (lots of small conns), could break some session level features such as notify/listen, etc…
  • statements: Statement-level pooling which is used for simple read-only queries.

If you application has some compatibility issues with pgbouncer, you can try to change this value to session instead.

pgbouncer_sslmode

name: pgbouncer_sslmode, type: enum, level: C

pgbouncer client ssl mode, disable by default

default values: disable, beware that this may have a huge performance impact on your pgbouncer.

  • disable: Plain TCP. If client requests TLS, it’s ignored. Default.
  • allow: If client requests TLS, it is used. If not, plain TCP is used. If the client presents a client certificate, it is not validated.
  • prefer: Same as allow.
  • require: Client must use TLS. If not, the client connection is rejected. If the client presents a client certificate, it is not validated.
  • verify-ca: Client must use TLS with valid client certificate.
  • verify-full: Same as verify-ca.

PG_PROVISION

PG_BOOTSTRAP will bootstrap a new postgres cluster with patroni, while PG_PROVISION will create default objects in the cluster, including:

pg_provision: true                # provision postgres cluster after bootstrap
pg_init: pg-init                  # provision init script for cluster template, `pg-init` by default
pg_default_roles:                 # default roles and users in postgres cluster
  - { name: dbrole_readonly  ,login: false ,comment: role for global read-only access     }
  - { name: dbrole_offline   ,login: false ,comment: role for restricted read-only access }
  - { name: dbrole_readwrite ,login: false ,roles: [dbrole_readonly] ,comment: role for global read-write access }
  - { name: dbrole_admin     ,login: false ,roles: [pg_monitor, dbrole_readwrite] ,comment: role for object creation }
  - { name: postgres     ,superuser: true  ,comment: system superuser }
  - { name: replicator ,replication: true  ,roles: [pg_monitor, dbrole_readonly] ,comment: system replicator }
  - { name: dbuser_dba   ,superuser: true  ,roles: [dbrole_admin]  ,pgbouncer: true ,pool_mode: session, pool_connlimit: 16 ,comment: pgsql admin user }
  - { name: dbuser_monitor ,roles: [pg_monitor] ,pgbouncer: true ,parameters: {log_min_duration_statement: 1000 } ,pool_mode: session ,pool_connlimit: 8 ,comment: pgsql monitor user }
pg_default_privileges:            # default privileges when created by admin user
  - GRANT USAGE      ON SCHEMAS   TO dbrole_readonly
  - GRANT SELECT     ON TABLES    TO dbrole_readonly
  - GRANT SELECT     ON SEQUENCES TO dbrole_readonly
  - GRANT EXECUTE    ON FUNCTIONS TO dbrole_readonly
  - GRANT USAGE      ON SCHEMAS   TO dbrole_offline
  - GRANT SELECT     ON TABLES    TO dbrole_offline
  - GRANT SELECT     ON SEQUENCES TO dbrole_offline
  - GRANT EXECUTE    ON FUNCTIONS TO dbrole_offline
  - GRANT INSERT     ON TABLES    TO dbrole_readwrite
  - GRANT UPDATE     ON TABLES    TO dbrole_readwrite
  - GRANT DELETE     ON TABLES    TO dbrole_readwrite
  - GRANT USAGE      ON SEQUENCES TO dbrole_readwrite
  - GRANT UPDATE     ON SEQUENCES TO dbrole_readwrite
  - GRANT TRUNCATE   ON TABLES    TO dbrole_admin
  - GRANT REFERENCES ON TABLES    TO dbrole_admin
  - GRANT TRIGGER    ON TABLES    TO dbrole_admin
  - GRANT CREATE     ON SCHEMAS   TO dbrole_admin
pg_default_schemas: [ monitor ]   # default schemas to be created
pg_default_extensions:            # default extensions to be created
  - { name: adminpack          ,schema: pg_catalog }
  - { name: pg_stat_statements ,schema: monitor }
  - { name: pgstattuple        ,schema: monitor }
  - { name: pg_buffercache     ,schema: monitor }
  - { name: pageinspect        ,schema: monitor }
  - { name: pg_prewarm         ,schema: monitor }
  - { name: pg_visibility      ,schema: monitor }
  - { name: pg_freespacemap    ,schema: monitor }
  - { name: postgres_fdw       ,schema: public  }
  - { name: file_fdw           ,schema: public  }
  - { name: btree_gist         ,schema: public  }
  - { name: btree_gin          ,schema: public  }
  - { name: pg_trgm            ,schema: public  }
  - { name: intagg             ,schema: public  }
  - { name: intarray           ,schema: public  }
  - { name: pg_repack }
pg_reload: true                   # reload postgres after hba changes
pg_default_hba_rules:             # postgres default host-based authentication rules
  - {user: '${dbsu}'    ,db: all         ,addr: local     ,auth: ident ,title: 'dbsu access via local os user ident'  }
  - {user: '${dbsu}'    ,db: replication ,addr: local     ,auth: ident ,title: 'dbsu replication from local os ident' }
  - {user: '${repl}'    ,db: replication ,addr: localhost ,auth: pwd   ,title: 'replicator replication from localhost'}
  - {user: '${repl}'    ,db: replication ,addr: intra     ,auth: pwd   ,title: 'replicator replication from intranet' }
  - {user: '${repl}'    ,db: postgres    ,addr: intra     ,auth: pwd   ,title: 'replicator postgres db from intranet' }
  - {user: '${monitor}' ,db: all         ,addr: localhost ,auth: pwd   ,title: 'monitor from localhost with password' }
  - {user: '${monitor}' ,db: all         ,addr: infra     ,auth: pwd   ,title: 'monitor from infra host with password'}
  - {user: '${admin}'   ,db: all         ,addr: infra     ,auth: ssl   ,title: 'admin @ infra nodes with pwd & ssl'   }
  - {user: '${admin}'   ,db: all         ,addr: world     ,auth: ssl   ,title: 'admin @ everywhere with ssl & pwd'    }
  - {user: '+dbrole_readonly',db: all    ,addr: localhost ,auth: pwd   ,title: 'pgbouncer read/write via local socket'}
  - {user: '+dbrole_readonly',db: all    ,addr: intra     ,auth: pwd   ,title: 'read/write biz user via password'     }
  - {user: '+dbrole_offline' ,db: all    ,addr: intra     ,auth: pwd   ,title: 'allow etl offline tasks from intranet'}
pgb_default_hba_rules:            # pgbouncer default host-based authentication rules
  - {user: '${dbsu}'    ,db: pgbouncer   ,addr: local     ,auth: peer  ,title: 'dbsu local admin access with os ident'}
  - {user: 'all'        ,db: all         ,addr: localhost ,auth: pwd   ,title: 'allow all user local access with pwd' }
  - {user: '${monitor}' ,db: pgbouncer   ,addr: intra     ,auth: pwd   ,title: 'monitor access via intranet with pwd' }
  - {user: '${monitor}' ,db: all         ,addr: world     ,auth: deny  ,title: 'reject all other monitor access addr' }
  - {user: '${admin}'   ,db: all         ,addr: intra     ,auth: pwd   ,title: 'admin access via intranet with pwd'   }
  - {user: '${admin}'   ,db: all         ,addr: world     ,auth: deny  ,title: 'reject all other admin access addr'   }
  - {user: 'all'        ,db: all         ,addr: intra     ,auth: pwd   ,title: 'allow all user intra access with pwd' }

pg_provision

name: pg_provision, type: bool, level: C

provision postgres cluster after bootstrap, default value is true.

If disabled, postgres cluster will not be provisioned after bootstrap.

pg_init

name: pg_init, type: string, level: G/C

Provision init script for cluster template, pg-init by default, which is located in roles/pgsql/templates/pg-init

You can add your own logic in the init script, or provide a new one in templates/ and set pg_init to the new script name.

pg_default_roles

name: pg_default_roles, type: role[], level: G/C

default roles and users in postgres cluster.

Pigsty has a built-in role system, check PGSQL Access Control for details.

pg_default_roles:                 # default roles and users in postgres cluster
  - { name: dbrole_readonly  ,login: false ,comment: role for global read-only access     }
  - { name: dbrole_offline   ,login: false ,comment: role for restricted read-only access }
  - { name: dbrole_readwrite ,login: false ,roles: [dbrole_readonly] ,comment: role for global read-write access }
  - { name: dbrole_admin     ,login: false ,roles: [pg_monitor, dbrole_readwrite] ,comment: role for object creation }
  - { name: postgres     ,superuser: true  ,comment: system superuser }
  - { name: replicator ,replication: true  ,roles: [pg_monitor, dbrole_readonly] ,comment: system replicator }
  - { name: dbuser_dba   ,superuser: true  ,roles: [dbrole_admin]  ,pgbouncer: true ,pool_mode: session, pool_connlimit: 16 ,comment: pgsql admin user }
  - { name: dbuser_monitor ,roles: [pg_monitor] ,pgbouncer: true ,parameters: {log_min_duration_statement: 1000 } ,pool_mode: session ,pool_connlimit: 8 ,comment: pgsql monitor user }

pg_default_privileges

name: pg_default_privileges, type: string[], level: G/C

default privileges for each databases:

pg_default_privileges:            # default privileges when created by admin user
  - GRANT USAGE      ON SCHEMAS   TO dbrole_readonly
  - GRANT SELECT     ON TABLES    TO dbrole_readonly
  - GRANT SELECT     ON SEQUENCES TO dbrole_readonly
  - GRANT EXECUTE    ON FUNCTIONS TO dbrole_readonly
  - GRANT USAGE      ON SCHEMAS   TO dbrole_offline
  - GRANT SELECT     ON TABLES    TO dbrole_offline
  - GRANT SELECT     ON SEQUENCES TO dbrole_offline
  - GRANT EXECUTE    ON FUNCTIONS TO dbrole_offline
  - GRANT INSERT     ON TABLES    TO dbrole_readwrite
  - GRANT UPDATE     ON TABLES    TO dbrole_readwrite
  - GRANT DELETE     ON TABLES    TO dbrole_readwrite
  - GRANT USAGE      ON SEQUENCES TO dbrole_readwrite
  - GRANT UPDATE     ON SEQUENCES TO dbrole_readwrite
  - GRANT TRUNCATE   ON TABLES    TO dbrole_admin
  - GRANT REFERENCES ON TABLES    TO dbrole_admin
  - GRANT TRIGGER    ON TABLES    TO dbrole_admin
  - GRANT CREATE     ON SCHEMAS   TO dbrole_admin

Pigsty has a built-in privileges base on default role system, check PGSQL Privileges for details.

pg_default_schemas

name: pg_default_schemas, type: string[], level: G/C

default schemas to be created, default values is: [ monitor ], which will create a monitor schema on all databases.

pg_default_extensions

name: pg_default_extensions, type: extension[], level: G/C

default extensions to be created, default value:

pg_default_extensions: # default extensions to be created
  - { name: adminpack          ,schema: pg_catalog }
  - { name: pg_stat_statements ,schema: monitor }
  - { name: pgstattuple        ,schema: monitor }
  - { name: pg_buffercache     ,schema: monitor }
  - { name: pageinspect        ,schema: monitor }
  - { name: pg_prewarm         ,schema: monitor }
  - { name: pg_visibility      ,schema: monitor }
  - { name: pg_freespacemap    ,schema: monitor }
  - { name: postgres_fdw       ,schema: public  }
  - { name: file_fdw           ,schema: public  }
  - { name: btree_gist         ,schema: public  }
  - { name: btree_gin          ,schema: public  }
  - { name: pg_trgm            ,schema: public  }
  - { name: intagg             ,schema: public  }
  - { name: intarray           ,schema: public  }
  - { name: pg_repack }

The only 3rd party extension is pg_repack, which is important for database maintenance, all other extensions are built-in postgres contrib extensions.

Monitor related extensions are installed in monitor schema, which is created by pg_default_schemas.

pg_reload

name: pg_reload, type: bool, level: A

reload postgres after hba changes, default value is true

This is useful when you want to check before applying HBA changes, set it to false to disable reload.

pg_default_hba_rules

name: pg_default_hba_rules, type: hba[], level: G/C

postgres default host-based authentication rules, array of hba rule object.

default value provides a fair enough security level for common scenarios, check PGSQL Authentication for details.

pg_default_hba_rules:             # postgres default host-based authentication rules
  - {user: '${dbsu}'    ,db: all         ,addr: local     ,auth: ident ,title: 'dbsu access via local os user ident'  }
  - {user: '${dbsu}'    ,db: replication ,addr: local     ,auth: ident ,title: 'dbsu replication from local os ident' }
  - {user: '${repl}'    ,db: replication ,addr: localhost ,auth: pwd   ,title: 'replicator replication from localhost'}
  - {user: '${repl}'    ,db: replication ,addr: intra     ,auth: pwd   ,title: 'replicator replication from intranet' }
  - {user: '${repl}'    ,db: postgres    ,addr: intra     ,auth: pwd   ,title: 'replicator postgres db from intranet' }
  - {user: '${monitor}' ,db: all         ,addr: localhost ,auth: pwd   ,title: 'monitor from localhost with password' }
  - {user: '${monitor}' ,db: all         ,addr: infra     ,auth: pwd   ,title: 'monitor from infra host with password'}
  - {user: '${admin}'   ,db: all         ,addr: infra     ,auth: ssl   ,title: 'admin @ infra nodes with pwd & ssl'   }
  - {user: '${admin}'   ,db: all         ,addr: world     ,auth: ssl   ,title: 'admin @ everywhere with ssl & pwd'    }
  - {user: '+dbrole_readonly',db: all    ,addr: localhost ,auth: pwd   ,title: 'pgbouncer read/write via local socket'}
  - {user: '+dbrole_readonly',db: all    ,addr: intra     ,auth: pwd   ,title: 'read/write biz user via password'     }
  - {user: '+dbrole_offline' ,db: all    ,addr: intra     ,auth: pwd   ,title: 'allow etl offline tasks from intranet'}

pgb_default_hba_rules

name: pgb_default_hba_rules, type: hba[], level: G/C

pgbouncer default host-based authentication rules, array or hba rule object.

default value provides a fair enough security level for common scenarios, check PGSQL Authentication for details.

pgb_default_hba_rules:            # pgbouncer default host-based authentication rules
  - {user: '${dbsu}'    ,db: pgbouncer   ,addr: local     ,auth: peer  ,title: 'dbsu local admin access with os ident'}
  - {user: 'all'        ,db: all         ,addr: localhost ,auth: pwd   ,title: 'allow all user local access with pwd' }
  - {user: '${monitor}' ,db: pgbouncer   ,addr: intra     ,auth: pwd   ,title: 'monitor access via intranet with pwd' }
  - {user: '${monitor}' ,db: all         ,addr: world     ,auth: deny  ,title: 'reject all other monitor access addr' }
  - {user: '${admin}'   ,db: all         ,addr: intra     ,auth: pwd   ,title: 'admin access via intranet with pwd'   }
  - {user: '${admin}'   ,db: all         ,addr: world     ,auth: deny  ,title: 'reject all other admin access addr'   }
  - {user: 'all'        ,db: all         ,addr: intra     ,auth: pwd   ,title: 'allow all user intra access with pwd' }

PG_BACKUP

This section defines variables for pgBackRest, which is used for PGSQL PITR (Point-In-Time-Recovery).

Check PGSQL Backup & PITR for details.

pgbackrest_enabled: true          # enable pgbackrest on pgsql host?
pgbackrest_clean: true            # remove pg backup data during init?
pgbackrest_log_dir: /pg/log/pgbackrest # pgbackrest log dir, `/pg/log/pgbackrest` by default
pgbackrest_method: local          # pgbackrest repo method: local,minio,[user-defined...]
pgbackrest_repo:                  # pgbackrest repo: https://pgbackrest.org/configuration.html#section-repository
  local:                          # default pgbackrest repo with local posix fs
    path: /pg/backup              # local backup directory, `/pg/backup` by default
    retention_full_type: count    # retention full backups by count
    retention_full: 2             # keep 2, at most 3 full backup when using local fs repo
  minio:                          # optional minio repo for pgbackrest
    type: s3                      # minio is s3-compatible, so s3 is used
    s3_endpoint: sss.pigsty       # minio endpoint domain name, `sss.pigsty` by default
    s3_region: us-east-1          # minio region, us-east-1 by default, useless for minio
    s3_bucket: pgsql              # minio bucket name, `pgsql` by default
    s3_key: pgbackrest            # minio user access key for pgbackrest
    s3_key_secret: S3User.Backup  # minio user secret key for pgbackrest
    s3_uri_style: path            # use path style uri for minio rather than host style
    path: /pgbackrest             # minio backup path, default is `/pgbackrest`
    storage_port: 9000            # minio port, 9000 by default
    storage_ca_file: /etc/pki/ca.crt  # minio ca file path, `/etc/pki/ca.crt` by default
    bundle: y                     # bundle small files into a single file
    cipher_type: aes-256-cbc      # enable AES encryption for remote backup repo
    cipher_pass: pgBackRest       # AES encryption password, default is 'pgBackRest'
    retention_full_type: time     # retention full backup by time on minio repo
    retention_full: 14            # keep full backup for last 14 days

pgbackrest_enabled

name: pgbackrest_enabled, type: bool, level: C

enable pgBackRest on pgsql host? default value is true

pgbackrest_clean

name: pgbackrest_clean, type: bool, level: C

remove pg backup data during init? default value is true

pgbackrest_log_dir

name: pgbackrest_log_dir, type: path, level: C

pgBackRest log dir, /pg/log/pgbackrest by default, which is referenced by promtail the logging agent.

pgbackrest_method

name: pgbackrest_method, type: enum, level: C

pgBackRest repo method: local, minio, or other user-defined methods, local by default

This parameter is used to determine which repo to use for pgBackRest, all available repo methods are defined in pgbackrest_repo.

Pigsty will use local backup repo by default, which will create a backup repo on primary instance’s /pg/backup directory. The underlying storage is specified by pg_fs_bkup.

pgbackrest_repo

name: pgbackrest_repo, type: dict, level: G/C

pgBackRest repo document: https://pgbackrest.org/configuration.html#section-repository

default value includes two repo methods: local and minio, which are defined as follows:

pgbackrest_repo:                  # pgbackrest repo: https://pgbackrest.org/configuration.html#section-repository
  local:                          # default pgbackrest repo with local posix fs
    path: /pg/backup              # local backup directory, `/pg/backup` by default
    retention_full_type: count    # retention full backups by count
    retention_full: 2             # keep 2, at most 3 full backup when using local fs repo
  minio:                          # optional minio repo for pgbackrest
    type: s3                      # minio is s3-compatible, so s3 is used
    s3_endpoint: sss.pigsty       # minio endpoint domain name, `sss.pigsty` by default
    s3_region: us-east-1          # minio region, us-east-1 by default, useless for minio
    s3_bucket: pgsql              # minio bucket name, `pgsql` by default
    s3_key: pgbackrest            # minio user access key for pgbackrest
    s3_key_secret: S3User.Backup  # minio user secret key for pgbackrest
    s3_uri_style: path            # use path style uri for minio rather than host style
    path: /pgbackrest             # minio backup path, default is `/pgbackrest`
    storage_port: 9000            # minio port, 9000 by default
    storage_ca_file: /etc/pki/ca.crt  # minio ca file path, `/etc/pki/ca.crt` by default
    bundle: y                     # bundle small files into a single file
    cipher_type: aes-256-cbc      # enable AES encryption for remote backup repo
    cipher_pass: pgBackRest       # AES encryption password, default is 'pgBackRest'
    retention_full_type: time     # retention full backup by time on minio repo
    retention_full: 14            # keep full backup for last 14 days

PG_SERVICE

This section is about exposing PostgreSQL service to outside world: including:

  • Exposing different PostgreSQL services on different ports with haproxy
  • Bind an optional L2 VIP to the primary instance with vip-manager
  • Register cluster/instance DNS records with to dnsmasq on infra nodes
pg_weight: 100          #INSTANCE # relative load balance weight in service, 100 by default, 0-255
pg_default_service_dest: pgbouncer # default service destination if svc.dest='default'
pg_default_services:              # postgres default service definitions
  - { name: primary ,port: 5433 ,dest: default  ,check: /primary   ,selector: "[]" }
  - { name: replica ,port: 5434 ,dest: default  ,check: /read-only ,selector: "[]" , backup: "[? pg_role == `primary` || pg_role == `offline` ]" }
  - { name: default ,port: 5436 ,dest: postgres ,check: /primary   ,selector: "[]" }
  - { name: offline ,port: 5438 ,dest: postgres ,check: /replica   ,selector: "[? pg_role == `offline` || pg_offline_query ]" , backup: "[? pg_role == `replica` && !pg_offline_query]"}
pg_vip_enabled: false             # enable a l2 vip for pgsql primary? false by default
pg_vip_address: 127.0.0.1/24      # vip address in `<ipv4>/<mask>` format, require if vip is enabled
pg_vip_interface: eth0            # vip network interface to listen, eth0 by default
pg_dns_suffix: ''                 # pgsql dns suffix, '' by default
pg_dns_target: auto               # auto, primary, vip, none, or ad hoc ip

pg_weight

name: pg_weight, type: int, level: G

relative load balance weight in service, 100 by default, 0-255

default values: 100. you have to define it at instance vars, and reload-service to take effect.

pg_service_provider

name: pg_service_provider, type: string, level: G/C

dedicate haproxy node group name, or empty string for local nodes by default.

If specified, PostgreSQL Services will be registered to the dedicated haproxy node group instead of this pgsql cluster nodes.

Do remember to allocate unique ports on dedicate haproxy nodes for each service!

For example, if we define following parameters on 3-node pg-test cluster:

pg_service_provider: infra       # use load balancer on group `infra`
pg_default_services:             # alloc port 10001 and 10002 for pg-test primary/replica service  
  - { name: primary ,port: 10001 ,dest: postgres  ,check: /primary   ,selector: "[]" }
  - { name: replica ,port: 10002 ,dest: postgres  ,check: /read-only ,selector: "[]" , backup: "[? pg_role == `primary` || pg_role == `offline` ]" }

pg_default_service_dest

name: pg_default_service_dest, type: enum, level: G/C

When defining a service, if svc.dest=‘default’, this parameter will be used as the default value.

default values: pgbouncer, means 5433 primary service and 5434 replica service will route traffic to pgbouncer by default.

If you don’t want to use pgbouncer, set it to postgres instead. traffic will be route to postgres directly.

pg_default_services

name: pg_default_services, type: service[], level: G/C

postgres default service definitions

default value is four default services definition, which is explained in PGSQL Service

pg_default_services:               # postgres default service definitions
  - { name: primary ,port: 5433 ,dest: default  ,check: /primary   ,selector: "[]" }
  - { name: replica ,port: 5434 ,dest: default  ,check: /read-only ,selector: "[]" , backup: "[? pg_role == `primary` || pg_role == `offline` ]" }
  - { name: default ,port: 5436 ,dest: postgres ,check: /primary   ,selector: "[]" }
  - { name: offline ,port: 5438 ,dest: postgres ,check: /replica   ,selector: "[? pg_role == `offline` || pg_offline_query ]" , backup: "[? pg_role == `replica` && !pg_offline_query]"}

pg_vip_enabled

name: pg_vip_enabled, type: bool, level: C

enable a l2 vip for pgsql primary?

default value is false, means no L2 VIP is created for this cluster.

L2 VIP can only be used in same L2 network, which may incurs extra restrictions on your network topology.

pg_vip_address

name: pg_vip_address, type: cidr4, level: C

vip address in <ipv4>/<mask> format, if vip is enabled, this parameter is required.

default values: 127.0.0.1/24. This value is consist of two parts: ipv4 and mask, separated by /.

pg_vip_interface

name: pg_vip_interface, type: string, level: C/I

vip network interface to listen, eth0 by default.

It should be the same primary intranet interface of your node, which is the IP address you used in the inventory file.

If your node have different interface, you can override it on instance vars:

pg-test:
    hosts:
        10.10.10.11: {pg_seq: 1, pg_role: replica ,pg_vip_interface: eth0 }
        10.10.10.12: {pg_seq: 2, pg_role: primary ,pg_vip_interface: eth1 }
        10.10.10.13: {pg_seq: 3, pg_role: replica ,pg_vip_interface: eth2 }
    vars:
        pg_vip_enabled: true          # enable L2 VIP for this cluster, bind to primary instance by default
        pg_vip_address: 10.10.10.3/24 # the L2 network CIDR: 10.10.10.0/24, the vip address: 10.10.10.3
        # pg_vip_interface: eth1      # if your node have non-uniform interface, you can define it here

pg_dns_suffix

name: pg_dns_suffix, type: string, level: C

pgsql dns suffix, ’’ by default, cluster DNS name is defined as {{ pg_cluster }}{{ pg_dns_suffix }}

For example, if you set pg_dns_suffix to .db.vip.company.tld for cluster pg-test, then the cluster DNS name will be pg-test.db.vip.company.tld

pg_dns_target

name: pg_dns_target, type: enum, level: C

Could be: auto, primary, vip, none, or an ad hoc ip address, which will be the target IP address of cluster DNS record.

default values: auto , which will bind to pg_vip_address if pg_vip_enabled, or fallback to cluster primary instance ip address.

  • vip: bind to pg_vip_address
  • primary: resolve to cluster primary instance ip address
  • auto: resolve to pg_vip_address if pg_vip_enabled, or fallback to cluster primary instance ip address.
  • none: do not bind to any ip address
  • <ipv4>: bind to the given IP address

PG_EXPORTER

pg_exporter_enabled: true              # enable pg_exporter on pgsql hosts?
pg_exporter_config: pg_exporter.yml    # pg_exporter configuration file name
pg_exporter_cache_ttls: '1,10,60,300'  # pg_exporter collector ttl stage in seconds, '1,10,60,300' by default
pg_exporter_port: 9630                 # pg_exporter listen port, 9630 by default
pg_exporter_params: 'sslmode=disable'  # extra url parameters for pg_exporter dsn
pg_exporter_url: ''                    # overwrite auto-generate pg dsn if specified
pg_exporter_auto_discovery: true       # enable auto database discovery? enabled by default
pg_exporter_exclude_database: 'template0,template1,postgres' # csv of database that WILL NOT be monitored during auto-discovery
pg_exporter_include_database: ''       # csv of database that WILL BE monitored during auto-discovery
pg_exporter_connect_timeout: 200       # pg_exporter connect timeout in ms, 200 by default
pg_exporter_options: ''                # overwrite extra options for pg_exporter
pgbouncer_exporter_enabled: true       # enable pgbouncer_exporter on pgsql hosts?
pgbouncer_exporter_port: 9631          # pgbouncer_exporter listen port, 9631 by default
pgbouncer_exporter_url: ''             # overwrite auto-generate pgbouncer dsn if specified
pgbouncer_exporter_options: ''         # overwrite extra options for pgbouncer_exporter

pg_exporter_enabled

name: pg_exporter_enabled, type: bool, level: C

enable pg_exporter on pgsql hosts?

default value is true, if you don’t want to install pg_exporter, set it to false.

pg_exporter_config

name: pg_exporter_config, type: string, level: C

pg_exporter configuration file name, used by pg_exporter & pgbouncer_exporter

default values: pg_exporter.yml, if you want to use a custom configuration file, you can specify its relative path here.

Your config file should be placed in files/<filename>.yml. For example, if you want to monitor a remote PolarDB instance, you can use the sample config: files/polar_exporter.yml.

pg_exporter_cache_ttls

name: pg_exporter_cache_ttls, type: string, level: C

pg_exporter collector ttl stage in seconds, ‘1,10,60,300’ by default

default values: 1,10,60,300, which will use 1s, 10s, 60s, 300s for different metric collectors.

ttl_fast: "{{ pg_exporter_cache_ttls.split(',')[0]|int }}"         # critical queries
ttl_norm: "{{ pg_exporter_cache_ttls.split(',')[1]|int }}"         # common queries
ttl_slow: "{{ pg_exporter_cache_ttls.split(',')[2]|int }}"         # slow queries (e.g table size)
ttl_slowest: "{{ pg_exporter_cache_ttls.split(',')[3]|int }}"      # ver slow queries (e.g bloat)

pg_exporter_port

name: pg_exporter_port, type: port, level: C

pg_exporter listen port, 9630 by default

pg_exporter_params

name: pg_exporter_params, type: string, level: C

extra url parameters for pg_exporter dsn

default values: sslmode=disable, which will disable SSL for monitoring connection (since it’s local unix socket by default)

pg_exporter_url

name: pg_exporter_url, type: pgurl, level: C

overwrite auto-generate pg dsn if specified

default value is empty string, If specified, it will be used as the pg_exporter dsn instead of constructing from other parameters:

This could be useful if you want to monitor a remote pgsql instance, or you want to use a different user/password for monitoring.

'postgres://{{ pg_monitor_username }}:{{ pg_monitor_password }}@{{ pg_host }}:{{ pg_port }}/postgres{% if pg_exporter_params != '' %}?{{ pg_exporter_params }}{% endif %}'

pg_exporter_auto_discovery

name: pg_exporter_auto_discovery, type: bool, level: C

enable auto database discovery? enabled by default

default value is true, which will auto-discover all databases on the postgres server and spawn a new pg_exporter connection for each database.

pg_exporter_exclude_database

name: pg_exporter_exclude_database, type: string, level: C

csv of database that WILL NOT be monitored during auto-discovery

default values: template0,template1,postgres, which will be excluded for database auto discovery.

pg_exporter_include_database

name: pg_exporter_include_database, type: string, level: C

csv of database that WILL BE monitored during auto-discovery

default value is empty string. If this value is set, only the databases in this list will be monitored during auto discovery.

pg_exporter_connect_timeout

name: pg_exporter_connect_timeout, type: int, level: C

pg_exporter connect timeout in ms, 200 by default

default values: 200ms , which is enough for most cases.

If your remote pgsql server is in another continent, you may want to increase this value to avoid connection timeout.

pg_exporter_options

name: pg_exporter_options, type: arg, level: C

overwrite extra options for pg_exporter

default value is empty string, which will fall back the following default options:

--log.level=info

If you want to customize logging options or other pg_exporter options, you can set it here.

pgbouncer_exporter_enabled

name: pgbouncer_exporter_enabled, type: bool, level: C

enable pgbouncer_exporter on pgsql hosts?

default value is true, which will enable pg_exporter for pgbouncer connection pooler.

pgbouncer_exporter_port

name: pgbouncer_exporter_port, type: port, level: C

pgbouncer_exporter listen port, 9631 by default

default values: 9631

pgbouncer_exporter_url

name: pgbouncer_exporter_url, type: pgurl, level: C

overwrite auto-generate pgbouncer dsn if specified

default value is empty string, If specified, it will be used as the pgbouncer_exporter dsn instead of constructing from other parameters:

'postgres://{{ pg_monitor_username }}:{{ pg_monitor_password }}@:{{ pgbouncer_port }}/pgbouncer?host={{ pg_localhost }}&sslmode=disable'

This could be useful if you want to monitor a remote pgbouncer instance, or you want to use a different user/password for monitoring.

pgbouncer_exporter_options

name: pgbouncer_exporter_options, type: arg, level: C

overwrite extra options for pgbouncer_exporter, default value is empty string.

--log.level=info

default value is empty string, which will fall back the following default options:

If you want to customize logging options or other pgbouncer_exporter options, you can set it here.

3 - Extension List

List of PostgreSQL extensions supported by Pigsty, and their compatibility on different OS distros.

Pigsty has rich support for PostgreSQL extensions, including 340* RPM extensions and 189 DEB extensions.

pigsty-ecosystem.jpg

4 - File Hierarchy

How files are organized in Pigsty, and directories structure used by modules

Pigsty FHS

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# pigsty
#  ^-----@app                    # extra demo application resources
#  ^-----@bin                    # bin scripts
#  ^-----@docs                   # document (can be docsified)
#  ^-----@files                  # ansible file resources 
#            ^-----@pigsty       # pigsty config template files
#            ^-----@prometheus   # prometheus rules definition
#            ^-----@grafana      # grafana dashboards
#            ^-----@postgres     # /pg/bin/ scripts
#            ^-----@migration    # pgsql migration task definition
#            ^-----@pki          # self-signed CA & certs

#  ^-----@roles                  # ansible business logic
#  ^-----@templates              # ansible templates
#  ^-----@vagrant                # vagrant local VM template
#  ^-----@terraform              # terraform cloud VM template
#  ^-----configure               # configure wizard script
#  ^-----ansible.cfg             # default ansible config file
#  ^-----pigsty.yml              # default config file
#  ^-----*.yml                   # ansible playbooks

#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# /etc/pigsty/
#  ^-----@targets                # file based service discovery targets definition
#  ^-----@dashboards             # static grafana dashboards
#  ^-----@datasources            # static grafana datasource
#  ^-----@playbooks              # extra ansible playbooks
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

CA FHS

Pigsty’s self-signed CA is located on files/pki/ directory under pigsty home.

YOU HAVE TO SECURE THE CA KEY PROPERLY: files/pki/ca/ca.key, which is generated by the ca role during install.yml or infra.yml.

# pigsty/files/pki
#  ^-----@ca                      # self-signed CA key & cert
#         ^[email protected]           # VERY IMPORTANT: keep it secret
#         ^[email protected]           # VERY IMPORTANT: trusted everywhere
#  ^-----@csr                     # signing request csr
#  ^-----@misc                    # misc certs, issued certs
#  ^-----@etcd                    # etcd server certs
#  ^-----@minio                   # minio server certs
#  ^-----@nginx                   # nginx SSL certs
#  ^-----@infra                   # infra client certs
#  ^-----@pgsql                   # pgsql server certs
#  ^-----@mongo                   # mongodb/ferretdb server certs
#  ^-----@mysql                   # mysql server certs

The managed nodes will have the following files installed:

/etc/pki/ca.crt                             # all nodes
/etc/pki/ca-trust/source/anchors/ca.crt     # soft link and trusted anchor

All infra nodes will have the following certs:

/etc/pki/infra.crt                          # infra nodes cert
/etc/pki/infra.key                          # infra nodes key

In case of admin node failure, you have to keep files/pki and pigsty.yml safe. You can rsync them to another admin node to make a backup admin node.

# run on meta-1, rsync to meta2
cd ~/pigsty;
rsync -avz ./ meta-2:~/pigsty

NODE FHS

Node main data dir is specified by node_data parameter, which is /data by default.

The data dir is owned by root with mode 0777. All modules’ local data will be stored under this directory by default.

/data
#  ^-----@postgres                   # postgres main data dir
#  ^-----@backups                    # postgres backup data dir (if no dedicated backup disk)
#  ^-----@redis                      # redis data dir (shared by multiple redis instances)
#  ^-----@minio                      # minio data dir (default when in single node single disk mode)
#  ^-----@etcd                       # etcd main data dir
#  ^-----@prometheus                 # prometheus time series data dir
#  ^-----@loki                       # Loki data dir for logs
#  ^-----@docker                     # Docker data dir
#  ^-----@...                        # other modules

Prometheus FHS

The prometheus bin / rules are located on files/prometheus/ directory under pigsty home.

While the main config file is located on roles/infra/templates/prometheus/prometheus.yml.j2 and rendered to /etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml on infra nodes.

# /etc/prometheus/
#  ^-----prometheus.yml              # prometheus main config file
#  ^-----@bin                        # util scripts: check,reload,status,new
#  ^-----@rules                      # record & alerting rules definition
#            ^-----agent.yml         # agent rules & alert
#            ^-----infra.yml         # infra rules & alert
#            ^-----node.yml          # node  rules & alert
#            ^-----pgsql.yml         # pgsql rules & alert
#            ^-----redis.yml         # redis rules & alert
#            ^-----minio.yml         # minio rules & alert
#            ^-----etcd.yml          # etcd  rules & alert
#            ^-----mongo.yml         # mongo rules & alert
#            ^-----mysql.yml         # mysql rules & alert (placeholder)
#  ^-----@targets                    # file based service discovery targets definition
#            ^-----@infra            # infra static targets definition
#            ^-----@node             # nodes static targets definition
#            ^-----@etcd             # etcd static targets definition
#            ^-----@minio            # minio static targets definition
#            ^-----@ping             # blackbox ping targets definition
#            ^-----@pgsql            # pgsql static targets definition
#            ^-----@pgrds            # pgsql remote rds static targets
#            ^-----@redis            # redis static targets definition
#            ^-----@mongo            # mongo static targets definition
#            ^-----@mysql            # mysql static targets definition
#            ^-----@ping             # ping  static target definition
#            ^-----@patroni          # patroni static target defintion (when ssl enabled)
#            ^-----@.....            # other targets
# /etc/alertmanager.yml              # alertmanager main config file
# /etc/blackbox.yml                  # blackbox exporter main config file

Postgres FHS

The following parameters are related to the PostgreSQL database dir:

  • pg_dbsu_home: Postgres default user’s home dir, default is /var/lib/pgsql.
  • pg_bin_dir: Postgres binary dir, defaults to /usr/pgsql/bin/.
  • pg_data: Postgres database dir, default is /pg/data.
  • pg_fs_main: Postgres main data disk mount point, default is /data.
  • pg_fs_bkup: Postgres backup disk mount point, default is /data/backups (used when using local backup repo).
#--------------------------------------------------------------#
# Create Directory
#--------------------------------------------------------------#
# assumption:
#   {{ pg_fs_main }} for main data   , default: `/data`              [fast ssd]
#   {{ pg_fs_bkup }} for backup data , default: `/data/backups`     [cheap hdd]
#--------------------------------------------------------------#
# default variable:
#     pg_fs_main = /data             fast ssd
#     pg_fs_bkup = /data/backups     cheap hdd (optional)
#
#     /pg      -> /data/postgres/pg-test-15    (soft link)
#     /pg/data -> /data/postgres/pg-test-15/data
#--------------------------------------------------------------#
- name: create postgresql directories
  tags: pg_dir
  become: yes
  block:

    - name: make main and backup data dir
      file: path={{ item }} state=directory owner=root mode=0777
      with_items:
        - "{{ pg_fs_main }}"
        - "{{ pg_fs_bkup }}"

    # pg_cluster_dir:    "{{ pg_fs_main }}/postgres/{{ pg_cluster }}-{{ pg_version }}"
    - name: create postgres directories
      file: path={{ item }} state=directory owner={{ pg_dbsu }} group=postgres mode=0700
      with_items:
        - "{{ pg_fs_main }}/postgres"
        - "{{ pg_cluster_dir }}"
        - "{{ pg_cluster_dir }}/bin"
        - "{{ pg_cluster_dir }}/log"
        - "{{ pg_cluster_dir }}/tmp"
        - "{{ pg_cluster_dir }}/cert"
        - "{{ pg_cluster_dir }}/conf"
        - "{{ pg_cluster_dir }}/data"
        - "{{ pg_cluster_dir }}/meta"
        - "{{ pg_cluster_dir }}/stat"
        - "{{ pg_cluster_dir }}/change"
        - "{{ pg_backup_dir }}/backup"

Data FHS

# real dirs
{{ pg_fs_main }}     /data                      # top level data directory, usually a SSD mountpoint
{{ pg_dir_main }}    /data/postgres             # contains postgres data
{{ pg_cluster_dir }} /data/postgres/pg-test-15  # contains cluster `pg-test` data (of version 15)
                     /data/postgres/pg-test-15/bin            # bin scripts
                     /data/postgres/pg-test-15/log            # logs: postgres/pgbouncer/patroni/pgbackrest
                     /data/postgres/pg-test-15/tmp            # tmp, sql files, rendered results
                     /data/postgres/pg-test-15/cert           # postgres server certificates
                     /data/postgres/pg-test-15/conf           # patroni config, links to related config
                     /data/postgres/pg-test-15/data           # main data directory
                     /data/postgres/pg-test-15/meta           # identity information
                     /data/postgres/pg-test-15/stat           # stats information, summary, log report
                     /data/postgres/pg-test-15/change         # changing records
                     /data/postgres/pg-test-15/backup         # soft link to backup dir

{{ pg_fs_bkup }}     /data/backups                            # could be a cheap & large HDD mountpoint
                     /data/backups/postgres/pg-test-15/backup # local backup repo path

# soft links
/pg             ->   /data/postgres/pg-test-15                # pg root link
/pg/data        ->   /data/postgres/pg-test-15/data           # real data dir
/pg/backup      ->   /var/backups/postgres/pg-test-15/backup  # base backup

Binary FHS

On EL releases, the default path for PostgreSQL binaries is:

/usr/pgsql-${pg_version}/

Pigsty will create a softlink /usr/pgsql to the currently installed version specified by pg_version.

/usr/pgsql -> /usr/pgsql-15

Therefore, the default pg_bin_dir will be /usr/pgsql/bin/, and this path is added to the PATH environment via /etc/profile.d/pgsql.sh.

export PATH="/usr/pgsql/bin:/pg/bin:$PATH"
export PGHOME=/usr/pgsql
export PGDATA=/pg/data

For Ubuntu / Debian, the default path for PostgreSQL binaries is:

/usr/lib/postgresql/${pg_version}/bin

Pgbouncer FHS

Pgbouncer is run using the Postgres user, and the config file is located in /etc/pgbouncer. The config file includes.

  • pgbouncer.ini: pgbouncer main config
  • database.txt: pgbouncer database list
  • userlist.txt: pgbouncer user list
  • useropts.txt: pgbouncer user options (user-level parameter overrides)
  • pgb_hba.conf: lists the access privileges of the connection pool users

Redis FHS

Pigsty provides essential support for Redis deployment and monitoring.

Redis binaries are installed in /bin/ using RPM-packages or copied binaries, including:

redis-server    
redis-server    
redis-cli       
redis-sentinel  
redis-check-rdb 
redis-check-aof 
redis-benchmark 
/usr/libexec/redis-shutdown

For a Redis instance named redis-test-1-6379, the resources associated with it are shown below:

/usr/lib/systemd/system/redis-test-1-6379.service               # Services ('/lib/systemd' in debian)
/etc/redis/redis-test-1-6379.conf                               # Config 
/data/redis/redis-test-1-6379                                   # Database Catalog
/data/redis/redis-test-1-6379/redis-test-1-6379.rdb             # RDB File
/data/redis/redis-test-1-6379/redis-test-1-6379.aof             # AOF file
/var/log/redis/redis-test-1-6379.log                            # Log
/var/run/redis/redis-test-1-6379.pid                            # PID

For Ubuntu / Debian, the default systemd service dir is /lib/systemd/system/ instead of /usr/lib/systemd/system/.

5 - Comparison

Comparing products such as RDS and projects that has feature overlap with Pigsty

Comparing to RDS

Pigsty is an AGPLv3-licensed, local-first RDS alternative that can be deployed on your own physical machines/virtual machines, or on cloud servers.

Therefore, we chose the world’s leading Amazon Cloud AWS RDS for PostgreSQL and China’s market leader Alibaba Cloud RDS for PostgreSQL as benchmarks.

Both Alibaba Cloud RDS and AWS RDS are proprietary cloud database services, offered only on the public cloud through a leasing model. The following comparison is based on the latest PostgreSQL 16 main branch version, with the comparison cut-off date being February 2024.

Features

Item Pigsty Aliyun RDS AWS RDS
Major Version 12 - 17 12 - 17 12 - 17
Read on Standby Of course Not Readable Not Readable
Separate R & W By Port Paid Proxy Paid Proxy
Offline Instance Yes Not Available Not Available
Standby Cluster Yes Multi-AZ Multi-AZ
Delayed Instance Yes Not Available Not Available
Load Balancer HAProxy / LVS Paid ELB Paid ELB
Connection Pooling Pgbouncer Paid Proxy Paid RDS Proxy
High Availability Patroni / etcd HA Version Only HA Version Only
Point-in-Time Recovery pgBackRest / MinIO Yes Yes
Monitoring Metrics Prometheus / Exporter About 9 Metrics About 99 Metrics
Logging Collector Loki / Promtail Yes Yes
Dashboards Grafana / Echarts Basic Support Basic Support
Alerts AlterManager Basic Support Basic Support

Extensions

Here are some important extensions in the PostgreSQL ecosystem. The comparison is base on PostgreSQL 16 and complete on 2024-02-29:

Category Pigsty Aliyun RDS PG AWS RDS PG
Add Extension Free to Install Not Allowed Not Allowed
Geo Spatial PostGIS 3.4.2 PostGIS 3.3.4 PostGIS 3.4.1
Time Series TimescaleDB 2.14.2
Distributive Citus 12.1
AI / ML PostgresML 2.8.1
Columnar Hydra 1.1.1
Vector PGVector 0.6 pase 0.0.1 PGVector 0.6
Sparse Vector PG Sparse 0.5.6
Full-Text Search pg_bm25 0.5.6
Graph Apache AGE 1.5.0
GraphQL PG GraphQL 1.5.0
Message Queue pgq 3.5.0
OLAP pg_analytics 0.5.6
DuckDB duckdb_fdw 1.1
CDC wal2json 2.5.3 wal2json 2.5
Bloat Control pg_repack 1.5.0 pg_repack 1.4.8 pg_repack 1.5.0
Point Cloud PG PointCloud 1.2.5 Ganos PointCloud 6.1
AWS RDS 扩展

AWS RDS for PostgreSQL 16 可用扩展(已刨除PG自带扩展)

name pg16 pg15 pg14 pg13 pg12 pg11 pg10
amcheck 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 yes 1
auto_explain yes yes yes yes yes yes yes
autoinc 1 1 1 1 null null null
bloom 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
bool_plperl 1 1 1 1 null null null
btree_gin 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2
btree_gist 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
citext 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.4
cube 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.2
dblink 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2
dict_int 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
dict_xsyn 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
earthdistance 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1
fuzzystrmatch 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1
hstore 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4
hstore_plperl 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
insert_username 1 1 1 1 null null null
intagg 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1
intarray 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2
isn 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1
jsonb_plperl 1 1 1 1 1 null null
lo 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1
ltree 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1
moddatetime 1 1 1 1 null null null
old_snapshot 1 1 1 null null null null
pageinspect 1.12 1.11 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.6
pg_buffercache 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3
pg_freespacemap 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2
pg_prewarm 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1
pg_stat_statements 1.1 1.1 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.6
pg_trgm 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3
pg_visibility 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2
pg_walinspect 1.1 1 null null null null null
pgcrypto 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3
pgrowlocks 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2
pgstattuple 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
plperl 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
plpgsql 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
pltcl 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
postgres_fdw 1.1 1.1 1.1 1 1 1 1
refint 1 1 1 1 null null null
seg 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.1
sslinfo 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2
tablefunc 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
tcn 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
tsm_system_rows 1 1 1 1 1 1 1.1
tsm_system_time 1 1 1 1 1 1 1.1
unaccent 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1
uuid-ossp 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1
Aliyun Extensions

阿里云 RDS for PostgreSQL 16 可用扩展(已刨除PG自带扩展)

name pg16 pg15 pg14 pg13 pg12 pg11 pg10
bloom 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
btree_gin 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2
btree_gist 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
citext 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.4
cube 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.2
dblink 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2
dict_int 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
earthdistance 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1
fuzzystrmatch 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1
hstore 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4
intagg 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1
intarray 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2
isn 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1
ltree 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1
pg_buffercache 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3
pg_freespacemap 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2
pg_prewarm 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1
pg_stat_statements 1.1 1.1 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.6
pg_trgm 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3
pgcrypto 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3
pgrowlocks 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2
pgstattuple 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
plperl 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
plpgsql 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
pltcl 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
postgres_fdw 1.1 1.1 1.1 1 1 1 1
sslinfo 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2
tablefunc 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
tsm_system_rows 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
tsm_system_time 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
unaccent 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1
uuid-ossp 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1
xml2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1

Performance

Metric Pigsty Aliyun RDS AWS RDS
Best Performance PGTPC on NVME SSD evaluation sysbench oltp_rw RDS PG Performance Whitepaper sysbench oltp scenario per-core QPS 4000 ~ 8000
Storage Specs: Maximum Capacity 32TB / NVME SSD 32 TB / ESSD PL3 64 TB / io2 EBS Block Express
Storage Specs: Maximum IOPS 4K random read: up to 3M, random write 2000~350K 4K random read: up to 1M 16K random IOPS: 256K
Storage Specs: Maximum Latency 4K random read: 75µs, random write 15µs 4K random read: 200µs 500µs / inferred for 16K random IO
Storage Specs: Maximum Reliability UBER < 1e-18, equivalent to 18 nines MTBF: 2 million hours 5DWPD, for three years Reliability 9 nines, equivalent to UBER 1e-9 Storage and Data Reliability Durability: 99.999%, five nines (0.001% annual failure rate) io2 details
Storage Specs: Maximum Cost 31.5 ¥/TB·month ( 5-year warranty amortized / 3.2T / enterprise-grade / MLC ) 3200¥/TB·month (List price 6400¥, monthly package 4000¥) 3-year prepay total 50% off for this price 1900 ¥/TB·month for using the maximum specs 65536GB / 256K IOPS maximum discount

Observability

Pigsty offers nearly 3000 monitoring metrics, providing over 50 monitoring dashboards, covering database monitoring, host monitoring, connection pool monitoring, load balancing monitoring, etc., offering users an unparalleled observability experience.

Pigsty offers 638 PostgreSQL-related monitoring metrics, while AWS RDS only has 99, and Aliyun RDS has merely single-digit metrics:

Additionally, there are some projects that offer the capability to monitor PostgreSQL, but they are relatively basic and simplistic:

Maintainability

** Metric** Pigsty Aliyun RDS AWS RDS
System Usability Simple Simple Simple
Configuration Management Configuration file / CMDB based on Ansible Inventory Can use Terraform Can use Terraform
Change Method Idempotent playbooks based on Ansible Playbook Operations via console Operations via console
Parameter Tuning Automatically adapts based on node with four preset templates: OLTP, OLAP, TINY, CRIT
Infra as Code Native support Can use Terraform Can use Terraform
Customizable Parameters Pigsty Parameters 283 items
Service and Support Commercial subscription support available After-sales ticket support provided After-sales ticket support provided
No Internet Deployment Possible offline installation and deployment N/A N/A
Database Migration playbooks for zero-downtime migration from existing Postgres into Pigsty Provides cloud migration assistance Aliyun RDS Data Synchronization

Cost

Experience shows that the per-unit cost of hardware and software resources for RDS is 5 to 15 times that of self-built solutions, with the rent-to-own ratio typically being one month. For more details, please refer to Cost Analysis.

Factor Metric Pigsty Aliyun RDS AWS RDS
Cost Software License/Service Fees Free, hardware about 20 - 40 ¥/core·month 200 ～ 400 ¥/core·month 400 ~ 1300 ¥/core·month
Service Support Fees Service about 100 ¥/ core·month Included in RDS costs

Other Vendors

Kubernetes Operators

Pigsty refuse to run database inside kubernetes, but if you wish to do so, there are other options:

  • PGO
  • StackGres
  • CloudNativePG
  • TemboOperator
  • PostgresOperator
  • PerconaOperator
  • Kubegres
  • KubeDB
  • KubeBlocks

Reference:

6 - Cost Analysis

RDS / DBA Cost reference to help you evaluate the costs of self-hosting database

Cost Reference

EC2 vCPU-Month RDS vCPU-Month
DHH’s self-hosted core-month price (192C 384G) 25.32 Junior open-source DBA reference salary 15K/person-month
IDC self-hosted data center (exclusive physical machine: 64C384G) 19.53 Intermediate open-source DBA reference salary 30K/person-month
IDC self-hosted data center (container, oversold 500%) 7 Senior open-source DBA reference salary 60K/person-month
UCloud Elastic Virtual Machine (8C16G, oversold) 25 ORACLE database license 10000
Alibaba Cloud Elastic Server 2x memory (exclusive without overselling) 107 Alibaba Cloud RDS PG 2x memory (exclusive) 260
Alibaba Cloud Elastic Server 4x memory (exclusive without overselling) 138 Alibaba Cloud RDS PG 4x memory (exclusive) 320
Alibaba Cloud Elastic Server 8x memory (exclusive without overselling) 180 Alibaba Cloud RDS PG 8x memory (exclusive) 410
AWS C5D.METAL 96C 200G (monthly without upfront) 100 AWS RDS PostgreSQL db.T2 (2x) 440

For instance, using RDS for PostgreSQL on AWS, the price for a 64C / 256GB db.m5.16xlarge RDS for one month is $25,817, which is equivalent to about 180,000 yuan per month. The monthly rent is enough for you to buy two servers with even better performance and set them up on your own. The rent-to-buy ratio doesn’t even last a month; renting for just over ten days is enough to buy the whole server for yourself.

Payment Model Price Cost Per Year (¥10k)
Self-hosted IDC (Single Physical Server) ¥75k / 5 years 1.5
Self-hosted IDC (2-3 Server HA Cluster) ¥150k / 5 years 3.0 ~ 4.5
Alibaba Cloud RDS (On-demand) ¥87.36/hour 76.5
Alibaba Cloud RDS (Monthly) ¥42k / month 50
Alibaba Cloud RDS (Yearly, 15% off) ¥425,095 / year 42.5
Alibaba Cloud RDS (3-year, 50% off) ¥750,168 / 3 years 25
AWS (On-demand) $25,817 / month 217
AWS (1-year, no upfront) $22,827 / month 191.7
AWS (3-year, full upfront) $120k + $17.5k/month 175
AWS China/Ningxia (On-demand) ¥197,489 / month 237
AWS China/Ningxia (1-year, no upfront) ¥143,176 / month 171
AWS China/Ningxia (3-year, full upfront) ¥647k + ¥116k/month 160.6

Comparing the costs of self-hosting versus using a cloud database:

Method Cost Per Year (¥10k)
Self-hosted Servers 64C / 384G / 3.2TB NVME SSD 660K IOPS (2-3 servers) 3.0 ~ 4.5
Alibaba Cloud RDS PG High-Availability pg.x4m.8xlarge.2c, 64C / 256GB / 3.2TB ESSD PL3 25 ~ 50
AWS RDS PG High-Availability db.m5.16xlarge, 64C / 256GB / 3.2TB io1 x 80k IOPS 160 ~ 217

Cloud Exit Column

7 - Glossary

technical terms used in the documentation, along with their definitions and explanations.